Nokea
A patient is admitted to the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?
- A. Folic acid
- B. Vitamin B12
- C. Lactulose
- D. Magnesium sulfate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is characterized by vitamin B12 deficiency. Magnesium sulfate, lactulose, and folic acid do not address the pathology of this type of anemia.
You may also like to solve these questions
A patient with renal failure has decreased erythropoietin production. Upon analysis of the patients complete blood count, the nurse will expect which of the following results?
- A. An increased hemoglobin and decreased hematocrit
- B. A decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
- C. A decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red cell distribution width (RDW)
- D. An increased MCV and RDW
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The decreased production of erythropoietin will result in a decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit. The patient will have normal MCV and RDW because the erythrocytes are normal in appearance.
A patient has been living with a diagnosis of anemia for several years and has been experiencing recent declines in hemoglobin levels despite ongoing treatment. Which of the following findings would indicate complications from anemia?
- A. Venous ulcers and visual disturbances
- B. Fever and signs of hyperkalemia
- C. Epistaxis and gastroesophageal reflux
- D. Ascites and peripheral edema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A significant complication of anemia is heart failure from chronic diminished blood volume and the heart's compensatory effort to increase cardiac output. Patients with anemia should be assessed for signs and symptoms of heart failure, including ascites and peripheral edema. None of the other listed signs and symptoms is characteristic of heart failure.
An intensive care nurse is aware of the need to identify patients who may be at risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following ICU patients most likely faces the highest risk of DIC?
- A. A patient with extensive burns
- B. A patient who has a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome
- C. A patient who suffered multiple trauma in a workplace accident
- D. A patient who is being treated for septic shock
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sepsis is a common cause of DIC. A wide variety of acute illnesses can precipitate DIC, but sepsis is specifically identified as a cause.
A patient, 25 years of age, comes to the emergency department complaining of excessive bleeding from a cut sustained when cleaning a knife. Blood work shows a prolonged PT but a vitamin K deficiency is ruled out. When assessing the patient, areas of ecchymosis are noted on other areas of the body. Which of the following is the most plausible cause of the patients signs and symptoms?
- A. Lymphoma
- B. Leukemia
- C. Hemophilia
- D. Hepatic dysfunction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prolongation of the PT, unless it is caused by vitamin K deficiency, may indicate severe hepatic dysfunction. The majority of hemophiliacs are diagnosed as children. The scenario does not describe signs or symptoms of lymphoma or leukemia.
The nurse is assessing a new patient with complaints of overwhelming fatigue and a sore tongue that is visibly smooth and beefy red. This patient is demonstrating signs and symptoms associated with what form of what hematologic disorder?
- A. Sickle cell anemia
- B. Hemophilia
- C. Megaloblastic anemia
- D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A red, smooth, sore tongue is a symptom associated with megaloblastic anemia. Sickle cell disease, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia do not have symptoms involving the tongue.