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A patient is being discharged home from the ambulatory surgical center after cataract surgery. In reviewing the discharge instructions with the patient, the nurse instructs the patient to immediately call the office if the patient experiences what?
- A. Slight morning discharge from the eye
- B. Any appearance of redness of the eye
- C. A scratchy feeling in the eye
- D. A new floater in vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Redness of the eye after cataract surgery can be a sign of infection or inflammation, which are serious complications that require immediate medical attention. Redness may be accompanied by pain, swelling, or discharge, and if left untreated, it can lead to complications that may affect the surgical outcome and the patient's vision. Therefore, it is crucial for the patient to contact the office immediately if they notice any redness in their eye following cataract surgery.
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The nurse educator is discussing neoplasms with a group of recent graduates. The educator explains that he effects of neoplasms are caused by the compression and infiltration of normal tissue. The physiologic changes that result can cause what pathophysiologic events? Select all that apply.
- A. Intracranial hemorrhage
- B. Infection of cerebrospinal fluid
- C. Increased ICP
- D. Focal neurologic signs E) Altered pituitary function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neoplasms can cause pathophysiologic events such as intracranial hemorrhage and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) due to expansion of the mass within the confined space of the skull. Intracranial hemorrhage can occur as the neoplasm damages blood vessels in the brain or causes them to become more fragile. Increased ICP can result from the growing mass causing compression of surrounding structures and obstructing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to symptoms such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental status.
The nurse is providing health education to the parents of a toddler who has been diagnosed with food allergies. What should the nurse teach this family about the childs health problem?
- A. Food allergies are a life-long condition, but most families adjust quite well to the necessary lifestyle changes.
- B. Consistent use of over-the-counter antihistamines can often help a child overcome food allergies.
- C. Make sure that you carry a steroid inhaler with you at all times, especially when you eat in restaurants.
- D. Many children outgrow their food allergies in a few years if they avoid the offending foods.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Food allergies are a serious health concern that can have life-threatening consequences if not managed properly. It is important for the nurse to educate the family that food allergies are typically life-long conditions and cannot be fully cured. While some children may outgrow certain food allergies over time, it is not guaranteed for all cases. Therefore, the focus should be on effectively managing the allergy through avoidance of trigger foods, carrying emergency medications like epinephrine auto-injectors, and being prepared to respond to allergic reactions. Adjusting to the necessary lifestyle changes, such as reading food labels, informing others about the child's allergies, and being vigilant about potential allergen exposure, is essential for ensuring the child's safety and well-being. Consistent monitoring and communication with healthcare providers are also crucial components of managing food allergies on a long-term basis.
An oncology patient will begin a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of bone metastases. What is one means by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another?
- A. Adhering to primary tumor cells
- B. Inducing mutation of cells of another organ
- C. Phagocytizing healthy cells
- D. Invading healthy host tissues
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another primarily through the invasion of healthy host tissues. Cancer cells have the ability to break away from the primary tumor site and invade nearby healthy tissues. Once invasive cancer cells find their way into blood vessels or lymphatics, they can be carried to distant sites in the body where they can form new tumors, establish metastases, and spread the disease. This invasive property of cancer cells underlies the ability of cancer to spread throughout the body, a process known as metastasis. Commanding the cells to appear to adhere to primary tumor cells, inducing mutation of cells of another organ, or phagocytizing healthy cells are not mechanisms by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another.
A small-bore feeding tube is placed. Which technique will the nurse use tobestverify tube placement?
- A. X-ray
- B. pH testing
- C. Auscultation
- D. Aspiration of contents
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At present, the most reliable method for verification of placement of small-bore feeding tubes is x-ray examination. X-ray allows for direct visualization of the tube's placement within the gastrointestinal tract, ensuring it is correctly positioned in the stomach without any risk of inadvertent placement in the lungs, pharynx, or esophagus. This method provides a definitive confirmation of tube placement, which is crucial for patient safety during enteral feeding. While pH testing and aspiration of contents can be useful as supplementary methods, x-ray remains the gold standard for verifying tube placement due to its precision and accuracy. Auscultation, on the other hand, is no longer recommended as a reliable method for tube placement verification, as it may lead to misinterpretation of sounds and potential errors in placement assessment.
A patient is in the primary infection stage of HIV. What is true of this patients current health status?
- A. The patients HIV antibodies are successfully, but temporarily, killing the virus.
- B. The patient is infected with HIV but lacks HIV-specific antibodies.
- C. The patients risk for opportunistic infections is at its peak.
- D. The patient may or may not develop long-standing HIV infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During the primary infection stage of HIV, the patient is newly infected with the virus. At this stage, the patient's immune system has not yet produced HIV-specific antibodies, making it difficult to detect HIV infection using standard antibody tests. Instead, the virus can be detected by testing for the presence of HIV RNA or p24 antigen. The primary infection stage is characterized by a high level of viral replication and rapid spread of the virus throughout the body. In this early stage, the patient may experience flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. The absence of HIV-specific antibodies means that the patient is highly infectious and can easily transmit the virus to others. As the infection progresses, the patient will eventually develop HIV-specific antibodies, which can be detected through antibody tests.