Nokea
A patient is currently being stimulated by the parasympathetic nervous system. What effect will this nervous stimulation have on the patients bladder?
- A. The parasympathetic nervous system causes urinary retention.
- B. The parasympathetic nervous system causes bladder spasms.
- C. The parasympathetic nervous system causes urge incontinence.
- D. The parasympathetic nervous system makes the bladder contract.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation contracts the bladder, promoting urination. Retention, spasms, or incontinence are not direct parasympathetic effects.
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A patient is having a fight or flight response after receiving bad news about his prognosis. What affect will this have on the patients sympathetic nervous system?
- A. Constriction of blood vessels in the heart muscle
- B. Constriction of bronchioles
- C. Increase in the secretion of sweat
- D. Constriction of pupils
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sympathetic activation during fight or flight increases sweat secretion, dilates heart muscle vessels, bronchodilates, and dilates pupils.
A patient for whom the nurse is caring has positron emission tomography (PET) scheduled. In preparation, what should the nurse explain to the patient?
- A. The test will temporarily limit blood flow through the brain.
- B. An allergy to iodine precludes getting the radio-opaque dye.
- C. The patient will need to endure loud noises during the test.
- D. The test may result in dizziness or lightheadedness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PET scans may cause dizziness or lightheadedness due to tracer inhalation. Blood flow is not limited, iodine allergy applies to CT/MRI, and noise is an MRI concern.
The patient in the ED has just had a diagnostic lumbar puncture. To reduce the incidence of a postlumbar puncture headache, what is the nurses most appropriate action?
- A. Position the patient prone.
- B. Position the patient supine with the head of bed flat.
- C. Position the patient left side-lying.
- D. Administer acetaminophen as ordered.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prone positioning after lumbar puncture minimizes cerebrospinal fluid leakage, reducing headache risk. Supine or side-lying positions are less effective, and acetaminophen is not a preventive measure.
The neurologist is testing the function of a patients cerebellum and basal ganglia. What action will most accurately test these structures?
- A. Have the patient identify the location of a cotton swab on his or her skin with the eyes closed.
- B. Elicit the patients response to a hypothetical problem.
- C. Ask the patient to close his or her eyes and discern between hot and cold stimuli.
- D. Guide the patient through the performance of rapid, alternating movements.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid, alternating movements test cerebellar and basal ganglia coordination. Sensory tests assess peripheral nerves, and hypothetical problems evaluate cognition.
The nurse is admitting a patient to the unit who is diagnosed with a lower motor neuron lesion. What entry in the patients electronic record is most consistent with this diagnosis?
- A. Patient exhibits increased muscle tone.
- B. Patient demonstrates normal muscle structure with no evidence of atrophy.
- C. Patient demonstrates hyperactive deep tendon reflexes.
- D. Patient demonstrates an absence of deep tendon reflexes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions result in flaccid paralysis, muscle atrophy, and absent deep tendon reflexes due to disrupted nerve supply to muscles. Increased tone and hyperactive reflexes indicate upper motor neuron issues.