Nokea
A patient is experiencing hallucinations and delusions. The nurse would expect the physician to order which class of drug?
- A. Mood stabilizer
- B. Antipsychotic
- C. Antianxiety agent
- D. Stimulant
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hallucinations and delusions are hallmark symptoms of psychosis, treated primarily with antipsychotics. Mood stabilizers address bipolar disorder, antianxiety agents treat anxiety, and stimulants are used for ADHD, not psychosis.
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A patient has been prescribed clozapine for treatment of schizophrenia. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan for this patient and family?
- A. You may experience hypertension while taking this medication.
- B. One of the side effects of this medication is breast engorgement.
- C. People taking this medication often experience dermatitis.
- D. You may experience noticeable weight gain while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clozapine is associated with significant weight gain, a common side effect that should be included in patient education. Hypertension, breast engorgement, and dermatitis are not typical side effects of clozapine.
A nurse is reviewing information about a psychiatric medication that describes the amount of the drug that actually reaches systemic circulation unchanged. The nurse identifies this as which of the following?
- A. First-pass effect
- B. Bioavailability
- C. Solubility
- D. Biotransformation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged. The first-pass effect reduces bioavailability, solubility affects dissolution, and biotransformation is metabolism, not systemic delivery.
A patient is brought to the emergency department by her brother, who reports that the patient became very agitated and started hallucinating. Further assessment reveals tachycardia, incoordination, vomiting, and diarrhea. The brother states that the patient is taking paroxetine for depression. Which of the following would the nurse most likely suspect?
- A. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- B. Acute dystonic reaction
- C. Serotonin syndrome
- D. Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paroxetine, an SSRI, can cause serotonin syndrome, characterized by agitation, hallucinations, tachycardia, incoordination, vomiting, and diarrhea, especially if combined with other serotonergic agents. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and dystonic reactions are linked to antipsychotics, and hypothyroidism presents differently.
A group of nursing students are reviewing the various drug classes used to treat psychiatric disorders. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which of the following as examples of antianxiety medications? Select all that apply.
- A. Selegiline
- B. Lorazepam
- C. Buspirone
- D. Zolpidem
- E. Methylphenidate
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Lorazepam (B), a benzodiazepine, and buspirone (C), a non-benzodiazepine, are antianxiety medications. Selegiline is an MAOI, zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic, and methylphenidate is a stimulant, not used for anxiety.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information related to drug therapy for mood disorders. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which agent as the gold standard for treating bipolar disorder?
- A. Carbamazepine
- B. Lithium
- C. Valproate
- D. Lamotrigine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lithium is the gold standard for bipolar disorder due to its proven efficacy in stabilizing mood and preventing manic episodes. Carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine are used but are not considered the primary standard.