Nokea
A patient is having elective surgery under general anesthesia. Who is responsible for obtaining the informed-consent?
- A. Surgeon
- B. Nurse anesthetist
- C. Nurse
- D. Anesthesiologist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary responsibility for obtaining informed consent lies with the surgeon who will be performing the procedure. Informed consent is a process where the healthcare provider explains the procedure, benefits, risks, and alternatives to the patient, allowing them to make an informed decision about their care. While other healthcare team members may also participate in this process, the ultimate responsibility typically rests with the surgeon as they are the one performing the surgery.
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During surgery, the nurse observes an unusual odor emanating from the surgical site. What should the nurse do?
- A. Document the observation in the patient's chart
- B. Ignore the odor and continue with the procedure
- C. Inform the surgeon immediately and assess for signs of infection
- D. Request additional suctioning to remove the odor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If the nurse observes an unusual odor emanating from the surgical site during surgery, it is important to inform the surgeon immediately and assess for signs of infection. Changes in odor can sometimes be an early sign of infection, which requires prompt attention and intervention. By communicating with the surgeon and conducting a thorough assessment, the nurse can help ensure the timely detection and management of any potential complications, such as infection, that may be affecting the patient's surgical outcome. Prompt action in response to unusual observations is crucial to maintaining patient safety and well-being during surgical procedures.
A patient presents with bone pain, fatigue, and frequent infections. Laboratory tests reveal pancytopenia, hypocellular bone marrow, and absence of reticulocytes. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Aplastic anemia
- B. Iron deficiency anemia
- C. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
- D. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a condition characterized by a reduction in the number of all three blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The patient's presentation of bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections, pancytopenia (decreased counts of all blood cell types), hypocellular bone marrow (reduced cellularity in the bone marrow), and absence of reticulocytes is indicative of aplastic anemia.
In taking the patient's history from the mother, the nurse should ask the mother information related to the daughters' __________.
- A. Schooling
- B. Pregnancy
- C. Menarche
- D. Immunization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should ask the mother information related to their daughter's menarche. Menarche refers to the first occurrence of menstruation in a girl, which is an important milestone in her development. By inquiring about the daughter's menarche, the nurse can gather essential information about the daughter's reproductive health, growth, and development. This allows the nurse to assess whether the daughter's menstrual cycle is regular and if there are any concerns related to her reproductive health. Understanding the daughter's menarche history is vital in providing appropriate healthcare and support for her.
Nurse Roberto assesses a 32 year old female client who appears very anxious, restless and irritable. The client has marked increase rate and depth of respirations. Based on the information gathered, the client is experiencing which of the following imbalances?
- A. Respiratory alkalosis
- B. Metabolic alkalosis
- C. Metabolic acidosis
- D. Respiratory acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client is exhibiting signs and symptoms of respiratory alkalosis. When a person is experiencing respiratory alkalosis, there is an excessive loss of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body, leading to elevated blood pH. The marked increase in the rate and depth of respirations as well as symptoms of anxiety, restlessness, and irritability are characteristic of respiratory alkalosis. This condition can be caused by hyperventilation, anxiety, or fever, which result in excessive elimination of CO2 from the body, leading to an imbalance in the acid-base status. Treatment for respiratory alkalosis involves addressing the underlying cause, such as providing reassurance to decrease anxiety or managing the breathing pattern to normalize CO2 levels.
A patient presents with a yellowish-white spot on the cornea, surrounded by a ring of inflammation. Slit-lamp examination reveals branching, filamentous opacities extending from the corneal lesion. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex keratitis
- B. Bacterial keratitis
- C. Fungal keratitis
- D. Acanthamoeba keratitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The described presentation of a yellowish-white spot on the cornea with branching, filamentous opacities is characteristic of fungal keratitis. Fungal keratitis is typically associated with agricultural injuries, trauma involving plant material, or contact lens wear in agricultural environments. Fungal keratitis can be serious and may require intensive antifungal treatment to prevent vision loss. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy are essential in managing fungal keratitis.