Nokea
A patient is in the urgent care center after experiencing a black widow spider bite. The nurse prepares to give which product to treat this injury?
- A. Live vaccine
- B. Antivenins or antisera
- C. Tetanus immune globulin
- D. Active immunizing drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antivenins, also known as antisera, are used to prevent or minimize the effects of poisoning by poisonous snakes and spiders. They provide the person who has been bitten with the substance needed to overcome the effects of the venom.
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The nurse is reviewing principles of immunization. What type of immunization occurs when antibodies pass from mother to infant during breastfeeding or through the placenta during pregnancy?
- A. Artificial active immunization
- B. Attenuating immunization
- C. Natural passive immunization
- D. Artificial passive immunization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural passive immunization occurs when antibodies are transferred from the mother to her infant in breast milk or through the bloodstream via the placenta during pregnancy. Artificial active immunization causes an antigen-antibody response and stimulates the body's defenses to resist any subsequent exposures. Artificial passive immunization is conferred by bypassing the host's immune system and injecting the person with antiserum or concentrated antibodies obtained from other humans or animals.
The nurse is reviewing the health history of a new patient who may need immunizations. Active immunizations are usually contraindicated in which patients? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Patients with a febrile illness
- B. Children younger than 1 year of age
- C. Elderly patients
- D. Patients who are immunosuppressed
- E. Those receiving cancer chemotherapy
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Contraindications to the administration of immunizing drugs include a history of reactions to or serious adverse effects resulting from the drugs, and patients who are already immunosuppressed (patients with AIDS and patients receiving chemotherapy). Immunizations are best deferred until after a febrile illness. Children younger than 1 year of age and the elderly may receive immunizing drugs.
A health care worker will be receiving hepatitis B immunoglobulin, 0.6 mL/kg IM now and repeated in 30 days as part of hepatitis B prophylaxis after a needle stick accident. The patient weighs 242 pounds. Identify how many milliliters the patient will receive for each dose. (Record answer using one decimal place.)
Correct Answer: 6.6 Ml
Rationale: Convert pounds to kilograms: 242 ?· 2.2 = 110 kg. Calculate mL/kg: 0.6 mL/kg/dose ?? 110 kg = 6.6 mL/dose.
A sanitation worker has experienced a needle stick by a contaminated needle that was placed in a trash can. The employee health nurse expects that which drug will be used to provide passive immunity to hepatitis B infection?
- A. Haemophilus influenzae type b
- B. Varicella virus vaccine
- C. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
- D. Hepatitis B virus vaccine (inactivated)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis B immunoglobulin provides passive immunity for individuals exposed to hepatitis B, such as through a needle stick. The hepatitis B virus vaccine promotes active immunity, not passive. The other options are not appropriate for this situation.
Two patients arrive at the clinic; one is a young boy with sickle cell anemia, and another is a 57-year-old woman with early stages of Hodgkin's disease. The nurse notices that both patients need the same vaccine. What vaccine would that be?
- A. Varicella virus vaccine
- B. Herpes zoster vaccine
- C. Hepatitis B virus vaccine, inactivated
- D. Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccine is usually given to patients with one of these disorders: sickle cell anemia, an immunodeficiency syndrome, Hodgkin's disease, and others. The other options are incorrect.