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A patient is placed on droplet precautions. You know his wife needs more teaching about what PPE to use when she says:
- A. I don't need to wear a mask if I stay a foot away from him.'
- B. I will wash my hands and put on a face mask before I go into his room.'
- C. I will remove the mask just inside the door of his room.'
- D. This disease is spread through small droplets that spray out when he talks, coughs, or sneezes.'
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Droplet precautions require a mask within 3-6 feet of the patient, and the mask should be removed outside the room to prevent contamination.
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The most effective way to break the chain of infection is to:
- A. isolate all infected patients from remaining patients and assign only one staff member to each room.
- B. wear gowns, gloves, masks, and protective eyewear when entering every patient's room.
- C. perform effective hand hygiene according to CDC guidelines.
- D. use an N95 respirator when entering the room of any infected patient.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hand hygiene removes pathogens from hands, breaking the mode of transmission in the chain of infection, and is the most effective preventive measure.
Which is true of performing hand hygiene?
- A. Use before and after a snack in the break room.
- B. Do not perform hand hygiene if you will be donning gloves.
- C. Use hand gel if your hands are visibly dirty.
- D. Use hand hygiene between providing care for two patients in the same room.
- E. There is no need to use hand hygiene if you leave a patient's room to obtain clean supplies and return immediately.
- F. Use soap and water instead of hand gel if the hands could be contaminated with spore-forming microbes.
Correct Answer: D,F
Rationale: Hand hygiene is required between patients in the same room to prevent cross-contamination, and soap and water are necessary for spore-forming microbes like C. difficile, as hand gel is ineffective.
A patient complains that he feels ill and the doctor told him it was a virus but that the doctor would not give him any antibiotics. He is upset with the doctor. What is the reason for the health-care provider's action?
- A. Most viruses are immune to antibiotics.
- B. Antibiotics only kill bacteria; they do not kill viruses.
- C. Only the newest, most expensive antibiotics will kill viruses.
- D. Antibiotics are not necessary unless the viral infection is severe.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibiotics target bacterial cell structures, which viruses lack, making them ineffective against viral infections.
A nurse is caring for a 38-year-old female who was admitted with the Zika virus. The nurse understands that which of the following will be given to the patient?
- A. Antipyretics
- B. NSAIDs
- C. Fluids
- D. Morphine
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Zika virus treatment focuses on symptom relief, including antipyretics for fever and fluids for hydration, as there is no specific antiviral treatment.
A nurse is caring for a 78-year-old male who was admitted with the Ebola virus. The nurse understands the Ebola virus spreads by:
- A. blood.
- B. body fluids.
- C. large droplet secretions.
- D. small droplet secretions.
- E. IV fluid.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Ebola spreads through direct contact with blood, body fluids, and large respiratory droplets, requiring strict contact and droplet precautions.