Nokea
A patient is presenting with mild symptoms of pneumonia. The doctor diagnoses the patient with 'walking pneumonia'. From your nursing knowledge, you know this type of pneumonia is caused by what type of infectious agent?
- A. Fungi
- B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- D. Influenza
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Walking pneumonia is commonly caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a bacterium that leads to mild, community-acquired pneumonia. Fungi cause fungal pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae causes typical bacterial pneumonia, and Influenza is a viral infection.
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Which nursing explanation identifies the primary rationale for administering aminophylline?
- A. Aminophylline relieves persistent coughing.
- B. Aminophylline reduces mucosal edema.
- C. Aminophylline dilates the bronchial airways.
- D. Aminophylline thins respiratory secretions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aminophylline is a bronchodilator that dilates bronchial airways, improving airflow in COPD clients.
Aside from the characteristics of the client's cough, which other pertinent assessment finding should the nurse document?
- A. Family history of respiratory disease
- B. Current vital signs
- C. Appearance of respiratory secretions
- D. Any self-treatment measures used by the client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The appearance of respiratory secretions (color, consistency) provides critical information about the infection's severity and type.
The nurse is assessing the client with COPD. Which health promotion information is most important for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Number of years the client has smoked.
- B. Risk factors for complications.
- C. Ability to administer inhaled medication.
- D. Willingness to modify lifestyle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct inhaler use (C) ensures effective COPD management, a priority for health promotion. Smoking history (A), risk factors (B), and lifestyle (D) are important but secondary.
The HCP has recommended a total laryngectomy for a male client diagnosed with cancer of the larynx but the client refuses. Which intervention by the nurse illustrates the ethical principle of nonmalfeasance?
- A. The nurse listens to the client explain why he is refusing surgery.
- B. The nurse and significant other insist that the client have the surgery.
- C. The nurse refers the client to a counselor for help with the decision.
- D. The nurse asks a cancer survivor to come and discuss the surgery with the client.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Listening to the client’s reasons (A) respects autonomy and avoids harm (nonmalfeasance). Insisting (B), counseling (C), and survivor talks (D) may pressure or influence unduly.
Which statement by the client best indicates that the client understands the rationale for the direct laryngoscopy?
- A. The test will tell if my hoarseness is caused by tracheal polyps.
- B. The physician says that hoarseness can lead to bronchitis.
- C. I need to have the test because hoarseness is a symptom of laryngeal cancer.
- D. The physician wants to see if my hoarseness is because of enlarged tonsils.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Persistent hoarseness can be a symptom of laryngeal cancer, and direct laryngoscopy is used to visualize the larynx for abnormalities like tumors.