Nokea
A patient is scheduled for a diagnostic MRI of the lower urinary system. What pre-procedure education should the nurse include?
- A. The need to be NPO for 12 hours prior to the test
- B. Relaxation techniques to apply during the test
- C. The need for conscious sedation prior to the test
- D. The need to limit fluid intake to 1 liter in the 24 hours before the test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient preparation should include teaching relaxation techniques because the patient needs to remain still during an MRI. The patient does not normally need to be NPO or fluid-restricted before the test and conscious sedation is not usually implemented.
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Results of a patients 24 -hour urine sample indicate osmolality of510 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{kg}$, which is within reference range. What conclusion can the nurse draw from this assessment finding?
- A. The patients kidneys are capable of maintaining acidbase balance.
- B. The patients kidneys reabsorb most of the potassium that the patient ingests.
- C. The patients kidneys can produce sufficiently concentrated urine.
- D. The patients kidneys are producing sufficient erythropoietin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osmolality is the most accurate measurement of the kidneys ability to dilute and concentrate urine. Osmolality is not a direct indicator of renal function as it relates to erythropoietin synthesis or maintenance of acidbase balance. It does not indicate the maintenance of healthy levels of potassium, the vast majority of which is excreted.
A patient is complaining of genitourinary pain shortly after returning to the unit from a scheduled cystoscopy. What intervention should the nurse perform?
- A. Encourage mobilization.
- B. Apply topical lidocaine to the patients meatus, as ordered.
- C. Apply moist heat to the patients lower abdomen.
- D. Apply an ice pack to the patients perineum.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Following cystoscopy, moist heat to the lower abdomen and warm sitz baths are helpful in relieving pain and relaxing the muscles. Ice, lidocaine, and mobilization are not recommended interventions.
A kidney biopsy has been scheduled for a patient with a history of acute renal failure. The patient asks the nurse why this test has been scheduled. What is the nurses best response?
- A. A biopsy is routinely ordered for all patients with renal disorders.
- B. A biopsy is generally ordered following abnormalx$-ray findings of the renal pelvis.
- C. A biopsy is often ordered for patients before they have a kidney transplant.
- D. A biopsy is sometimes necessary for diagnosing and evaluating the extent of kidney disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Biopsy of the kidney is used in diagnosing and evaluating the extent of kidney disease. Indications for biopsy include unexplained acute renal failure, persistent proteinuria or hematuria, transplant rejection, and glomerulopathies.
Dipstick testing of an older adult patient's urine indicates the presence of protein in urine protein. Presence indicates which of the following statements is true?
- A. This finding needs to be considered in light of other forms of proteinuria testing.
- B. A finding is a risk factor for incontinence incontinence.
- C. This is is likely the result likely an aging-related change.
- D. This result confirms that it confirms diabetes diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The test, which detects 30 to1000,000 / \mathrm{dL}$ of protein, should only used as a screening test, as screening affects urine concentration, affects pH concentration, hematuria, and radiocontast affect materials results results. Protein is not a diagnostic of diabetes, it is not age-related, nor is a risk factor for urinary incontinence.
The nurse should be collecting an ordered urine sample for urinalysis. The nurse should be aware that this test will include what assessment parameters?
- A. Specific gravity of the patients urine.
- B. Testing for urine of glucose in urine urine.
- C. Microscopic examination test urine sediment for RBCs.
- D. Microscopic examination of urine sediment for casts abnormalities.
- E. Testing for BUN and creatinine in the serum urine.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The test includes urinalysis for specific gravity, glucose, test, RBCs, and casts abnormalities. BUR and creatinine are serum components of serum, not not urine.