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A patient is scheduled for an electromyogram. What should the nurse instruct the patient to do in preparation for this diagnostic test? Select all that apply.
- A. Do not smoke for 3 hours before the test
- B. Avoid taking muscle relaxants before the test
- C. Avoid taking oral hypoglycemic agents before the test
- D. Alert the healthcare provider about an allergy to shellfish e. Avoid fluids containing caffeine for 3 hours before the test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B. It is essential for the patient to avoid taking muscle relaxants before the electromyogram test because these medications can affect the results by altering muscle activity and electrical signals, which are critical for diagnosing muscle and nerve disorders.
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During a blood pressure screening, an older adult client tells the nurse about chest fluttering while doing yard work. The client reports no other symptoms and the frequency is intermittent. Which action is correct by the nurse?
- A. Suggest the client stop exercising
- B. Reassure these are normal changes associated with aging
- C. Ensure the client is evaluated by his/her medical provider
- D. Check laboratory values for hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse in this situation would be to ensure the client is evaluated by his/her medical provider. Chest fluttering, also known as palpitations, can sometimes be related to cardiac arrhythmias, which can be a concern in older adults. Even though the client reports no other symptoms and the frequency is intermittent, it is essential for the medical provider to assess and determine the cause of the fluttering to rule out any serious underlying cardiac issues. Taking appropriate action promptly can help prevent any potential complications and ensure the client's well-being.
The nurse is caring for an adult client who has been diagnosed with high cholesterol. Which is important for the nurse to consider when teaching this adult client?
- A. Adults are more oriented to learning when the material is useful immediately.
- B. Adults are more likely to adhere to a regimen than are children.
- C. Adults usually can find information on their own.
- D. Adults do not need to be evaluated for understanding as children do.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When teaching an adult client with high cholesterol, it is important for the nurse to consider that adults are more oriented to learning when the material is useful immediately. This means that providing practical information and emphasizing how managing high cholesterol can benefit their health in the short term is likely to be more effective in engaging the client and encouraging adherence to recommendations. By focusing on the immediate relevance and benefits of the information, the nurse can enhance the client's motivation and understanding of the importance of managing their high cholesterol levels.
The community nurse is teaching a class at the community center regarding the cultural and ethnic risk factors for stroke. Which statement should nurse include in this presentation?
- A. Caucasians have an increased incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage.
- B. African Americans have almost twice the number of first-ever strokes compared with Whites.
- C. Asian Americans are more likely to die following a stroke than Whites.
- D. The prevalence of hypertension among Hispanics is the highest in the world.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement that should be included in the presentation is that African Americans have almost twice the number of first-ever strokes compared with Whites. This is based on research and statistics that show African Americans have a higher incidence of stroke compared to other ethnic groups in the United States. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of these disparities in order to address them effectively through targeted prevention and management strategies. Moreover, raising awareness about these risk factors can help promote early intervention and reduce the burden of stroke within the African American community.
A patient has heard of several friends being diagnosed with colon cancer and does not want to develop the same health problem. What should the nurse recommend to this patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Obtain regular exercise
- B. Maintain a healthy weight
- C. Ingest two servings of red wine every day
- D. Obtain recommended screening after age 50 e. Consume a diet high in fruit and vegetables and low in saturated fat and red meat
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of developing colon cancer. Exercise helps in maintaining a healthy weight, supporting the immune system, and promoting overall health.
A client has a blood pressure of 142/92 mmHg. Which classification is appropriate for the nurse to use when documenting this data?
- A. Normal
- B. Hypertension stage I
- C. Prehypertension
- D. Hypertension stage II
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A blood pressure reading of 142/92 mmHg falls into the category of Hypertension Stage II based on the guidelines from the American Heart Association. In this classification, systolic blood pressure is 140-159 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is 90-99 mmHg. Stage II hypertension indicates that the individual has a significantly elevated blood pressure level that requires prompt management and monitoring. It is crucial for the nurse to document this accurately to ensure appropriate interventions are provided to the client.