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A patient is scheduled for CT scanning of the head because of recent onset of neurologic deficits. What should the nurse tell the patient in preparation for this test?
- A. No metal objects can enter the procedure room.
- B. You need to fast for 8 hours prior to the test.
- C. You will need to lie still throughout the procedure.
- D. There will be a lot of noise during the test.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lying still during a CT scan ensures clear images. Metal and noise concerns apply to MRI, and fasting is not required for a head CT.
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A patient for whom the nurse is caring has positron emission tomography (PET) scheduled. In preparation, what should the nurse explain to the patient?
- A. The test will temporarily limit blood flow through the brain.
- B. An allergy to iodine precludes getting the radio-opaque dye.
- C. The patient will need to endure loud noises during the test.
- D. The test may result in dizziness or lightheadedness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: PET scans may cause dizziness or lightheadedness due to tracer inhalation. Blood flow is not limited, iodine allergy applies to CT/MRI, and noise is an MRI concern.
A patient in the OR goes into malignant hyperthermia due to an abnormal reaction to the anesthetic. The nurse knows that the area of the brain that regulates body temperature is which of the following?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Thalamus
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Midbrain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The hypothalamus regulates body temperature via vasoconstriction or vasodilatation. The cerebellum, thalamus, and midbrain do not directly control temperature.
When caring for a patient with an altered level of consciousness, the nurse is preparing to test cranial nerve VII. What assessment technique would the nurse use to elicit a response from cranial nerve VII?
- A. Palpate trapezius muscle while patient shrugs should against resistance.
- B. Administer the whisper or watch-tick test.
- C. Observe for facial movement symmetry, such as a smile.
- D. Note any hoarseness in the patients voice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cranial nerve VII (facial) is assessed by observing facial symmetry during movements like smiling. Trapezius testing assesses XI, whisper tests VIII, and hoarseness tests X.
A patient is admitted to the medical unit with an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. When assessing this patient, the nurse has the patient stick out her tongue and move it back and forth. What is the nurse assessing?
- A. Function of the hypoglossal nerve
- B. Function of the vagus nerve
- C. Function of the spinal nerve
- D. Function of the trochlear nerve
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tongue movement is controlled by the hypoglossal nerve (XII). The vagus nerve affects throat and voice, spinal nerves control body muscles, and the trochlear nerve moves the eye.
The physician has ordered a somatosensory evoked responses (SERs) test for a patient for whom the nurse is caring. The nurse is justified in suspecting that this patient may have a history of what type of neurologic disorder?
- A. Hypothalamic disorder
- B. Demyelinating disease
- C. Brainstem deficit
- D. Diabetic neuropathy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SERs detect slowed nerve conduction, common in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. They are not used for hypothalamic, brainstem, or diabetic neuropathy diagnoses.