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A patient is scheduled to receive chemotherapy drugs that will cause myelosuppression. Which action by the nurse will be most important?
- A. Monitor for a change in temperature.
- B. Evaluate gastrointestinal function.
- C. Assess for evidence of cardiac compromise.
- D. Question the patient about changes in sense of taste.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Myelosuppression, a common side effect of chemotherapy, leads to a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. A drop in white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, increases the risk of infection. Monitoring for a change in temperature is critical because fever is often the first sign of infection in neutropenic patients. Early detection allows for prompt intervention, such as administering antibiotics, to prevent life-threatening complications. While gastrointestinal function, cardiac compromise, and changes in taste are important to assess, they are not as immediately life-threatening as an undetected infection in a myelosuppressed patient.
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The nurse is administering Penicillin to a patient who has tested positive for strep throat. The nurse knows to look for which of the following adverse e昀昀ects as a sign of an acute allergic reaction?
- A. blurred vision
- B. tinnitus
- C. skin rash/hives
- D. vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An acute allergic reaction to Penicillin can present with symptoms such as skin rash or hives. This is a common sign of an allergic reaction and can indicate the patient is having an adverse response to the medication. It is essential for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for any signs of allergic reactions, including hives, as they can quickly progress to more severe reactions such as anaphylaxis. Other adverse effects listed in the choices, such as blurred vision, tinnitus, and vomiting, are not typically associated with an acute allergic reaction to Penicillin.
Liquid preparation made by boiling vegetable substances with water
- A. decoction
- B. fluid extract C solution
- C. spirits
- D. syrup
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A decoction is a liquid preparation made by boiling vegetable substances with water. This process helps extract the beneficial properties and compounds from the plant material into the liquid. Decoctions are commonly used in herbal medicine to prepare medicinal remedies by simmering roots, bark, or other plant parts in water for a period of time.
The patient is discharged home and returns to the emergency department 4 days later. The patient is admitted to the ICU with acute decompensated HF with dyspnea at rest. The nurse anticipates administration of which medication?
- A. Atropine
- B. Carvedilol (Coreg)
- C. Lisinopril (Prinivil)
- D. Nesiritide (Natrecor)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient presents with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) with dyspnea at rest, indicating severe symptoms. Nesiritide, a recombinant B-type natriuretic peptide, is commonly used in the management of acute decompensated HF to improve symptoms of dyspnea and congestion. It acts as a vasodilator and promotes natriuresis and diuresis, helping to alleviate the symptoms of heart failure exacerbation. While other medications like Carvedilol (Coreg) and Lisinopril (Prinivil) are commonly used in chronic HF management, in this acute scenario with severe symptoms, Nesiritide would be the appropriate medication to anticipate for administration in the ICU setting. Atropine is not indicated for acute decompensated heart failure.
The nurse is caring for a young patient with a closed head injury who has an intracranial pressure of 35 (normal <20) and serum osmolality of 330 mOsm/kg. The nurse would anticipate which action?
- A. Administration of mannitol
- B. Withholding mannitol at this time, but taking other measures to reduce intracranial pressure
- C. Administration of sodium nitroprusside
- D. Taking no action at this time because the patient has a serum osmolality of 330, which will offset the effects of the elevated intracranial pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) by drawing fluid out of the brain tissue. However, it should be used cautiously in patients with elevated serum osmolality, as it can exacerbate hyperosmolality and lead to renal failure or other complications. In this case, the patient's serum osmolality is already high (330 mOsm/kg), so mannitol should be withheld, and other measures to reduce ICP, such as elevating the head of the bed, maintaining proper oxygenation, and avoiding hypercapnia, should be prioritized. Sodium nitroprusside (C) is used for hypertension, not ICP, and taking no action (D) is inappropriate given the elevated ICP.
The nurse is administering Penicillin to a patient who has tested positive for strep throat. The nurse knows to look for which of the following adverse effects as a sign of an acute allergic reaction?
- A. blurred vision
- B. tinnitus
- C. skin rash/hives
- D. vomiting ATI PHARMACOLOGY LATEST UPDATE 2022/2023 PROCTORED EXAM -STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS & ANS 100% CORRECTLY VERIFIED GRADED A+ ATI PHARMACOLOGY LATEST UPDATE 2022/2023 PROCTORED EXAM -STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS & ANS 100% CORRECTLY VERIFIED GRADED A+
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When administering Penicillin, one of the adverse effects to watch out for as a sign of an acute allergic reaction is the development of a skin rash or hives. This reaction may indicate an allergic response to the medication. It is important for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for any signs of an allergic reaction, including skin changes, and to act promptly if such symptoms arise. An acute allergic reaction can progress to a severe life-threatening condition known as anaphylaxis, so prompt recognition and intervention are critical in such cases.