Nokea
A patient is suffering from tendonitis of the knee. The nurse is reviewing the patient's medication administration record and recognizes that which adjuvant medication is most appropriate for this type of pain?
- A. Antidepressant
- B. Anticonvulsant
- C. Corticosteroid
- D. Local anesthesia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect, which may help to reduce pain. The other medications do not have anti-inflammatory properties.
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A patient was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer last month, and has complained of a dull ache in the abdomen for the past 4 months. This pain has been gradually increasing, and the pain relievers taken at home are no longer effective. What type of pain is the patient experiencing?
- A. Acute pain
- B. Chronic pain
- C. Somatic pain
- D. Neuropathic pain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic pain is associated with cancer and is characterized by slow onset, long duration, and dull, persistent aching. The patient's symptoms are not characteristics of acute pain, somatic pain, or neuropathic pain.
A patient is receiving gabapentin (Neurontin), an anticonvulsant, but has no history of seizures. The nurse expects that the patient is receiving this drug for which condition?
- A. Inflammation pain
- B. Pain associated with peripheral neuropathy
- C. Depression associated with chronic pain
- D. Prevention of seizures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anticonvulsants are often used as adjuvants for treatment of neuropathic pain to enhance analgesic efficacy. The other indications listed are not correct.
The nurse is reviewing herbal therapies. Which is a common use of the herb feverfew?
- A. Muscle aches
- B. Menstrual cramps
- C. Joint pain
- D. Incision pain after surgery
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Feverfew is commonly used for migraine headaches, menstrual problems, arthritis, and fever. Possible adverse effects include muscle stiffness and muscle and joint pain.
The drug nalbuphine is an agonist-antagonist (partial agonist). The nurse understands that which is a characteristic of partial agonists?
- A. They have anti-inflammatory effects.
- B. They are given to reverse the effects of opiates.
- C. They have a higher potency than agonists.
- D. They have a lower dependency potential than agonists.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Partial agonists such as nalbuphine are similar to the opioid agonists in terms of their therapeutic indications; however, they have a lower risk of misuse and addiction. They do not have anti-inflammatory effects, nor are they given to reverse the effects of opiates. They do not have a higher potency than agonists.
A patient is to receive methadone 2.5 mg intramuscularly (IM) now. The medication is available in a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Identify how many milliliters of methadone will be drawn up for this dose.
Correct Answer: 0.25 mL
Rationale: 10 mg : 1 mL :: 2.5 mg : x mL; (10 * x) = (1 * 2.5); 10x = 2.5; x = 0.25 mL.