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A patient is talking to the nurse about her friendship with another person. She comments, 'That person is always there for me, and I am always there for her. We help each other out; sometimes she?s helping me, and sometimes I am helping her.' The nurse interprets the patient?s statements about her social network as reflecting which of the following?
- A. Denseness
- B. Reciprocity
- C. Social support
- D. Constraints
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient?s description of mutual help reflects reciprocity, a core feature of social networks where support is exchanged. Denseness refers to interconnectedness, social support is broader, and constraints involve limitations, not mutual aid.
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The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic stress for the past month because of job loss and financial difficulties. When evaluating the patient?s assessment findings, the nurse would anticipate finding an elevated antibody titer to which of the following?
- A. Herpes simplex viruses
- B. Herpes zoster viruses
- C. Acquired immune deficiency viruses
- D. Influenza viruses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic stress suppresses immunity, increasing reactivation of latent herpes simplex viruses, leading to elevated antibody titers. Herpes zoster may reactivate, but HSV is more common. AIDS and influenza are not directly linked to stress-induced immune changes.
A patient has come to the clinic to discuss the stress she is experiencing because of failing two exams at school. Initially, she described her failures as the worst thing that has ever happened to me, and she stated, 'There is absolutely nothing I can do to pass this course now.' In response to the nurse?s questions, the nurse finds out there are three more equally weighted exams scheduled for the course in question. The nurse and patient collaborate and decide to use interventions to facilitate emotion-focused coping. Which additional comment from the patient would the nurse identify as providing support for this decision?
- A. You?ve got to figure out something for me to do to get me out of this situation!
- B. This is a waste of time because absolutely nothing you or I can do will make it any better.
- C. I overreacted; surely together we can figure out something for me to do.
- D. This is the worst thing that could ever happen to me. I?m nothing but a failure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The comment 'I overreacted; surely together we can figure out something' supports emotion-focused coping by acknowledging exaggerated emotions and openness to collaboration, aligning with managing feelings. Other comments reflect helplessness or problem-focused demands.
A patient visits the clinic and tells the nurse about being under a great deal of stress on the job for the past month. Applying the factors that determine the stress response, which question would be most appropriate for the nurse to ask?
- A. What effect is the stress having on your job performance?
- B. How would you describe the social network within your family?
- C. What is the specific event that you find most stressful?
- D. When did you first become aware of experiencing this stress?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Identifying the specific event causing stress helps pinpoint the stressor, a key factor in the stress response. Effects on performance, family social networks, or timing of stress awareness are secondary to understanding the stressor itself.
When describing the concept of allostatic load to a group of students, which of the following would the instructor identify as abnormalities of which of the following as indicative of the overall changes?
- A. Nuclear imaging studies
- B. Laboratory test results
- C. Bone radiographs
- D. Cardiac studies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allostatic load reflects cumulative stress effects, often shown through abnormal laboratory test results (e.g., cortisol, inflammatory markers). Nuclear imaging, bone radiographs, and cardiac studies are less directly indicative of stress-related changes.
A nurse is providing an in-service presentation on coping and adaptation. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply.
- A. Most coping strategies are similar in their approach.
- B. Coping when effective leads to adaptation.
- C. Reappraisal occurs simultaneously with coping.
- D. The same coping strategy is used in each situation.
- E. Coping is a deliberate and planned effort to manage stress.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Effective coping leads to adaptation (B), reappraisal occurs with coping (C) as part of ongoing stress evaluation, and coping is deliberate and planned (E). Coping strategies vary (A is false), and different strategies are used per situation (D is false).