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A patient is to receive a daily dose of 240 mg of a medication. The dose is supposed to be divided evenly so that the drug is given every 6 hours. How much of the drug should be given at each dose?
- A. 30 mg
- B. 40 mg
- C. 50 mg
- D. 60 mg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because there are 24 hours in a day, giving a drug every 6 hours would mean giving the drug four times a day. Because the total daily dose is 240 mg, dividing that dose by four would mean each dose should be 60 mg.
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The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multidose bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still readable. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
- B. Find the drug information and create a new label for the bottle.
- C. Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
- D. Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When the drug label is soiled obscuring some information the safest action by the nurse is to discard the bottle and contents because drug labels contain a great deal of important information, far more than just the name of the drug. Concentration of the drug, expiration date, administration directions, and precautions may be missing from the label and so put the patient at risk. Looking up drug information in a drug handbook or consulting with another nurse will not supply the expiration date or concentration of medication. Be safe and discard the bottle and its contents.
Drug efficacy' refers to..
- A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial
- B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug
- C. The therapeutic dose range of the drug
- D. The therapeutic index of the drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Efficacy is defined as the maximum effect a drug can produce, per pharmacological principles.
The health care provider has prescribed silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for the client with a partial thickness burn, which has cultured positive for gram-negative bacteria. The nurse is reinforcing information to the client about the medication. Which statement made by the client indicates a lack of understanding about the treatments?
- A. The medication is an antibacterial.'
- B. The medication will help heal the burn.'
- C. The medication will permanently stain my skin.'
- D. The medication should be applied directly to the wound.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is an antibacterial that has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast. It is applied directly to the wound to assist in healing. It does not stain the skin.
A nurse is assessing a client and notes that the client has developed swelling of the eyelids and lips after administration of a prescribed medication. The nurse interprets this finding as specifically indicating which of the following?
- A. Mild allergic reaction
- B. Anaphylactic shock
- C. Angioedema
- D. Drug idiosyncrasy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angioedema is a type of allergic drug reaction manifested by the collection of fluid in the subcutaneous tissues, most commonly affecting the eyelids, lips, mouth, and throat. Allergic reactions can be manifested by a wide range of signs and symptoms such as itching, rashes, and hives. Anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Drug idiosyncrasy describes any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug, one that is different from the one normally expected.
The nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous polymyxin antibiotic. The patient reports dizziness along with numbness and tingling of the hands and feet. The nurse will perform which action?
- A. Administer the drug since these are harmless side effects
- B. Hold the drug and notify the provider of these adverse reactions
- C. Obtain an order for an oral form of this medication
- D. Request an order for serum electrolytes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polymyxin neurotoxicity (dizziness, numbness) warrants holding and reporting; these aren't harmless , and it's not oral . Polymyxins can cause nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.