Nokea
A patient is to receive vasopressin 5 units SUBQ twice a day. The medication is available in a vial that contains 20 units/mL. Identify how many milliliters the nurse will draw up for this dose. (record answer using two decimal places)
Correct Answer: 0.25 mL
Rationale: To calculate: 20 units/1 mL = 5 units/x mL. Cross-multiply: (20 * x) = (1 * 5); 20x = 5; x = 5/20 = 0.25 mL.
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The nurse notes in a patient's medication history that the patient has been taking desmopressin. Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
- A. Diabetes mellitus
- B. Diabetes insipidus
- C. Adrenocortical insufficiency
- D. Carcinoid tumor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Desmopressin, a synthetic antidiuretic hormone, is used to treat diabetes insipidus by reducing excessive thirst and urination caused by deficient endogenous antidiuretic hormone. It is not indicated for diabetes mellitus, adrenocortical insufficiency, or carcinoid tumors.
A patient is about to receive a dose of octreotide. The nurse will assess for which contraindications or cautions? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Carcinoid crisis
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- D. Gallbladder disease
- E. Chronic renal failure
- F. Esophageal varices
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Octreotide requires caution in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, or chronic renal failure due to potential effects on glucose metabolism, gallbladder function, and renal clearance. Carcinoid crisis, diarrhea, and esophageal varices are indications for octreotide use.
An 8-year-old child has been diagnosed with true pituitary dwarfism and is being treated with somatropin. In follow-up visits, the nurse will monitor for which expected outcome?
- A. Increased growth
- B. Decreased urinary output
- C. Increased muscle strength
- D. Increased height when the child reaches puberty
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Somatropin, a growth hormone, is used to treat pituitary dwarfism by promoting increased growth in children. Decreased urinary output and muscle strength are not primary outcomes, and height increase is expected during treatment, not just at puberty.
A patient who has been on somatropin has been hospitalized for an acute asthma exacerbation, and is receiving intravenous doses of glucocorticoids. The nurse recognizes that which effect may occur if these drugs are given together?
- A. Reduction of growth effects
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Increased urine output
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids can reduce the growth-promoting effects of somatropin by counteracting its anabolic actions, though the benefits of glucocorticoids for asthma may outweigh this risk. Hyperkalemia, increased urine output, and diarrhea are not expected interactions.
When reviewing the medication profile of a patient with a new order for desmopressin, the nurse notes that a drug interaction will occur if which drug is taken with desmopressin?
- A. Aspirin
- B. Digoxin
- C. Lithium
- D. Penicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lithium can reduce the therapeutic effect of desmopressin by interfering with its antidiuretic action, potentially worsening polyuria in diabetes insipidus. Aspirin, digoxin, and penicillin do not have significant interactions with desmopressin.