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A patient is unable to obtain a sputum specimen by coughing and expectorating. What is the best way for the nurse to collect this specimen?
- A. Ask the patient to spit.
- B. Direct the patient to turn, cough, and breathe deeply.
- C. Perform tracheal suctioning.
- D. Perform a bronchoscopy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Some patients cannot expectorate and must have the trachea suctioned to obtain a specimen.
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What should the nurse do when preparing the patient for a bronchoscopy?
- A. Instruct the patient to hold his or her breath during the procedure.
- B. Instruct the patient to remain NPO 24 hours before the procedure.
- C. Obtain informed consent after premedicating the patient.
- D. Reassure the patient that he or she will be able to breathe during the procedure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should reassure a patient before a bronchoscopy that they will be able to breathe during the procedure. The patient is instructed to remain NPO after midnight (4 to 8 hours) before the procedure. Informed consent must be obtained before the patient is premedicated.
What should the nurse assess the patient for before administration of contrast media?
- A. Has been NPO.
- B. Is allergic to iodine.
- C. Has emptied the bladder.
- D. Has taken medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient should always be assessed for allergies to iodine before administration of contrast media.
The nurse is preparing a patient for a diagnostic examination. What can the nurse implement to assist with reducing anxiety?
- A. Explain the costs of the examination.
- B. Demonstrate use of equipment.
- C. Answer questions for clarification
- D. Fill out required paperwork.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must be prepared to answer questions that the patient may have to reduce anxiety and give valid information.
Following an intravenous pyelogram the nurse should watch the patient closely for a delayed reaction to the dye usually occurring within ___ to ___ hours following the procedure.
Correct Answer: 2, 6
Rationale: Delayed reactions to iodine may not be obvious until 2 to 6 hours postprocedure.
What should the nurse encourage the patient to consume when preparing for an electroencephalogram (EEG)?
- A. Tea
- B. Food
- C. Cola
- D. Coffee
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Food intake should be encouraged, but coffee, tea, and colas should be eliminated before an EEG.