Nokea
A patient is using the Commit lozenge 2 mg to help quit smoking and reports nausea and indigestion. The nurse will instruct the patient to perform which action?
- A. Allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly over 20 to 30 minutes
- B. Chew the lozenge thoroughly before swallowing it
- C. Increase to 4 mg and use less often
- D. Take the lozenge with food and a full glass of water
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Slow dissolution minimizes GI upset from nicotine lozenges; chewing worsens it. The patient should allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly.
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The adverse events of biguanides are:
- A. Alkalosis
- B. Hypoxemia/acidosis
- C. Weight loss
- D. Anemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Biguanides like metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a serious adverse effect related to impaired mitochondrial function.
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computed tomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a female client who has Bipolar disorder and a new prescription for Carbamazepine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. This medication can safely be taken during pregnancy.
- B. Eliminate grapefruit juice from your diet.
- C. You will need to have a complete blood count and carbamazepine levels drawn periodically.
- D. You'll your provider if you develop a rash.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grapefruit juice interacts, blood counts monitor toxicity, rash signals reaction, and driving caution addresses sedation.
The patient looks at the prescription provided by the doctor and asks the nurse whether he can request a generic substitution. The nurse answers No when noting what on the prescription?
- A. No refills
- B. DAW
- C. Brand name used on prescription
- D. Patient older than 65 years of age
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DAW stands for dispense as written and means that the doctor does not want a generic substituted for the prescribed medication. Requesting no refills does not preclude the substitution of a generic medication. Even when the brand name is ordered, the pharmacist can substitute a generic equivalent so long as the prescriber does not write DAW. Generic substitutions are not impacted by the patient's age.
The following drugs are correctly paired with a clinical use EXCEPT:
- A. Danazol to treat endometriosis
- B. Flutamide to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
- C. Finasteride to treat male pattern baldness
- D. Clomiphene to treat anovulatory infertility
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flutamide treats prostate cancer, not BPH; finasteride is used for BPH.