Nokea
A patient on birth control pills tells you that she is also taking St. John's wort as an herbal supplement for mild depression. Which response will you make?
- A. You need to be on a prescription drug for depression, not treat yourself.'
- B. St. John's wort increases estrogen breakdown, so it can decrease the effectiveness of your birth control pills.'
- C. St. John's wort decreases the rate of excretion of estrogen, so it can increase the side effects of birth control pills.'
- D. Have you looked up the medications you are taking to see if it interacts with any of them?'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: St. John's wort induces liver enzymes, increasing the metabolism of estrogen and reducing the effectiveness of birth control pills. Choice C is incorrect as it does not increase estrogen side effects. Choices A and D are not specific enough.
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Which of the following is(are) commonly used medical abbreviations?
- A. IM
- B. SQ
- C. kg
- D. mL
- E. TID
- F. QID
- G. mg
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E,F,G
Rationale: IM (intramuscular), SQ (subcutaneous), kg (kilogram), mL (milliliter), TID (three times daily), QID (four times daily), and mg (milligram) are all standard medical abbreviations.
You are using the PDR to look up a medication to determine its effects and side effects. The best way to obtain information is to first look up the medication in the:
- A. Brand and Generic Name Index and then read about it in the Product Information Section.
- B. Product Identification Section and then read about it in the Product Information Section.
- C. Manufacturer's Index and then locate it in the Product Identification Section.
- D. Product Category Index and then the Manufacturer's Index.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) is best navigated by first using the Brand and Generic Name Index to find the medication, then referring to the Product Information Section for detailed effects and side effects.
A patient tells you that he is allergic to a muscle relaxer because it makes him sleep all day. You know that this is a common side effect of this medication. What action will you take?
- A. Record it as an allergy in the chart only
- B. Explain to the patient that he is not really allergic to the medication
- C. Record it as an allergy in the chart with an explanation of the reaction
- D. Notify the health-care provider immediately of the allergy and check for blood levels of the drug in the chart
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The patient should be educated that excessive sleepiness is a side effect, not an allergy. However, it should still be documented in the chart with an explanation to clarify the reaction for future reference.
You are preparing to administer a Schedule II drug. What special considerations are necessary?
- A. It is kept under double lock or with limited access in a computerized medication cabinet.
- B. It has a lower potential for abuse than Schedule III drugs.
- C. The remaining medications must be counted.
- D. The count must match the total in the record book.
- E. If kept in a computerized medication cabinet, the count is totaled by the nurse and the computer.
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Schedule II drugs have a high potential for abuse and are tightly controlled, requiring secure storage (double lock or limited access), counting of remaining medications, and ensuring the count matches the record book. Schedule III drugs have a lower potential for abuse than Schedule II, making choice B incorrect. Computerized cabinets typically automate counts, so E is not universally required.
The drug name that is assigned and is not owned by the pharmaceutical company that develops the drug is the:
- A. chemical name
- B. proprietary name
- C. brand name
- D. generic name
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The generic name is assigned to a drug and is not owned by the pharmaceutical company, unlike the proprietary or brand name, which is trademarked. The chemical name describes the drug's chemical composition.