Adult Health Nursing First Chapter Quizlet

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A patient presents with a thyroid nodule and signs of compression such as difficulty swallowing and breathing. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy reveals lymphocytic infiltration and germinal centers. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
  • B. Graves' disease
  • C. Diabetes mellitus
  • D. Thyroid nodules
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. In this condition, lymphocytic infiltration and germinal centers can be seen in the thyroid tissue. This inflammation can lead to the formation of thyroid nodules and enlargement of the thyroid gland, causing symptoms such as difficulty swallowing and breathing due to compression of surrounding structures. Additionally, Hashimoto's thyroiditis can result in hypothyroidism over time, further contributing to the symptoms. Therefore, the patient in this case is most likely experiencing these symptoms due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Graves' disease, on the other hand, typically presents with hyperthyroidism and is less likely to manifest as compressive symptoms of the thyroid gland.

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Patient was visited by the anesthesiologist and explained the anesthesia for his surgery. Which of the following type of anesthesia would you expect to be ordered?

  • A. Spinal
  • B. Local
  • C. Caudal
  • D. General
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When the anesthesiologist visits a patient to explain the anesthesia for surgery, the most likely type of anesthesia to be ordered in this scenario would be general anesthesia. General anesthesia is a state of controlled unconsciousness where the patient is completely unaware and unresponsive during the procedure. This type of anesthesia is typically used for surgeries that are more complex, lengthy, or invasive, requiring the patient to be completely still and asleep throughout the operation.

A patient with a chronic viral infection demonstrates persistently elevated levels of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in their blood. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this observation?

  • A. Activation-induced cell death (AICD)
  • B. T cell exhaustion
  • C. Thymic involution
  • D. Antigenic variation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction that arises during chronic viral infections or cancer. In the case of a chronic viral infection, the persistent exposure to viral antigens leads to continuous stimulation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Over time, this sustained stimulation can lead to T cell exhaustion, characterized by the upregulation of inhibitory receptors, impaired effector functions, and reduced proliferative capacity. As a result, despite the elevated levels of CD8+ T cells in the blood, their function may be compromised, ultimately impacting the immune response against the viral infection. In contrast, activation-induced cell death (AICD) may contribute to T cell loss during chronic infections but would not explain the persistently elevated CD8+ T cell levels. Thymic involution refers to the age-related decline in thymus function, which is not directly related to the observed increase in CD8+ T cells. Antigenic

Which among the members of the multidisciplinary team that the nurse BEST to collaborate with when the patient can benefit the use of leg prosthesis?

  • A. Occupationa l therapist
  • B. Podiatrist
  • C. Physical therapist
  • D. Pharmacist
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A physical therapist would be the best member of the multidisciplinary team to collaborate with when a patient can benefit from using a leg prosthesis. Physical therapists specialize in assessing and treating movement disorders, including those related to amputation and prosthetic use. They can help the patient improve their mobility, strength, balance, and overall functional abilities with the prosthesis. Physical therapists can provide training on how to use the prosthesis effectively, reduce the risk of falls, and optimize the patient's independence and quality of life. Collaborating with a physical therapist ensures that the patient receives comprehensive care tailored to their specific needs and goals related to using a leg prosthesis.

A primigravida at 40 weeks gestation is in active labor. The nurse notes late decelerations on the fetal monitor tracing. What action should the nurse take first?

  • A. Administer oxygen to the mother.
  • B. Change the mother's position.
  • C. Prepare for immediate delivery.
  • D. Discontinue oxytocin infusion.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Late decelerations on the fetal monitor tracing indicate a potential uteroplacental insufficiency, which could be caused by decreased oxygen supply to the fetus. One common cause of late decelerations is uterine hyperstimulation due to excessive use of oxytocin. By discontinuing the oxytocin infusion, the nurse can help alleviate the stress on the fetus and decrease the likelihood of further late decelerations. This action should be prioritized before other interventions such as changing the mother's position or administering oxygen. Immediate delivery may be necessary if the fetus continues to show signs of distress despite discontinuing the oxytocin infusion.

What would Merle do to keep abreast with the latest trends in peri-operative nursing?

  • A. Attend training and seminars
  • B. All of these
  • C. Perform researches
  • D. Pursue graduate studies
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To keep abreast with the latest trends in peri-operative nursing, Merle should employ a combination of attending training and seminars, performing researches, and pursuing graduate studies. Attending training and seminars will expose Merle to new information, techniques, and best practices in peri-operative nursing. Performing researches will help Merle stay updated with current developments and evidence-based practices in the field. Pursuing graduate studies will provide Merle with advanced knowledge and skills, allowing for a deeper understanding of peri-operative nursing concepts and practices. By incorporating all of these strategies, Merle can ensure that he remains knowledgeable and competent in his role as a peri-operative nurse.

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