Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers Related

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A patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and signs of hypotension. An echocardiogram reveals right ventricular dilation and hypokinesis. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Pulmonary embolism
  • B. Pericardial effusion
  • C. Acute myocardial infarction
  • D. Aortic dissection
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation of chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, right ventricular dilation, and hypokinesis on echocardiogram is highly suggestive of a pulmonary embolism. In pulmonary embolism, a blood clot obstructs the pulmonary artery or one of its branches, leading to increased pressure in the right ventricle, which can cause right ventricular dilation and dysfunction. This results in the classic signs of right heart strain on echocardiogram. The patient may also present with symptoms of acute right heart failure, such as chest pain, dyspnea, and signs of hypotension. It is crucial to consider pulmonary embolism as a potential cause of these symptoms, given the high morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.

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Mr. C is an older patient with a known history of peripheral vascular disease. The nurse places a heating pad directly on the patient's lower leg to relieve muscle spasms. The heating pad causes a burn, the area becomes infected, and the patient eventually must have a skin graft. This is an example of which of the following?

  • A. Malpractice
  • B. Vicarious liability
  • C. Assault
  • D. Negligence
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Negligence refers to the failure to take proper care in doing something. In this scenario, the nurse failed to exercise the standard of care expected in placing a heating pad directly on Mr. C's lower leg, knowing his history of peripheral vascular disease. This failure led to a burn and subsequent infection that required a skin graft for treatment. The actions of the nurse were negligent as they did not meet the expected standard of care, resulting in harm to the patient. This situation does not fit the definition of assault, malpractice, or vicarious liability, making negligence the most appropriate choice.

Nurse Pat promised to a post- surgical patient, that she would come back to assist in his of ambulation after carrying out the physician's order. This follows the principle

  • A. beneficence
  • B. autonomy
  • C. justice
  • D. fidelity
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fidelity is a principle in nursing ethics that pertains to being faithful or loyal to commitments and promises made to patients. When Nurse Pat promised to come back to assist in the patient's ambulation after carrying out the physician's order, she is demonstrating fidelity by fulfilling her commitment to the patient's care. This principle helps build trust between the nurse and the patient, ensuring continuity and quality of care.

A risk is any event that causes problems or benefits on the healthcare institution. The Medical Director knows that potential risks must be identified across the hospital in order to prevent the following, EXCEPT

  • A. financial loss
  • B. accidents
  • C. incident reports
  • D. injuries
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Incident reports are a crucial tool for capturing data on adverse events, near misses, and other incidents within a healthcare institution. These reports help in analyzing patterns, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing quality and safety measures. Therefore, incident reports themselves are not something that needs to be prevented; instead, they are a critical part of the risk management process to enhance patient safety and quality of care.

you find Ms. C in her room running and trotting around for about the last 30 minutes. What is the BEST response to give her at this time?

  • A. "Tell me why you are running and trotting around the room?"
  • B. "Stop running right now, otherwise, we will change your exercise program"
  • C. "We have talked about exercise and agreed to reach your weight goal first"
  • D. "If you continue to exercise like this, you are going to eat more"
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The best response is to ask Ms. C why she is running and trotting around the room. This approach is empathetic and allows for open communication to understand her behavior. It is important to gather information before jumping to conclusions or making threats about changing her exercise program or eating habits. By showing concern and curiosity, you can address the situation in a supportive and constructive manner.

The reasons for the nurse wishing to enhance his/her communication skill is to be able to establish Rapport, EXCEPT

  • A. brings about change to promote well-being of patients
  • B. decreased incidents
  • C. gets better evaluation rating of care and delivery of legal problems
  • D. generates threat between the nurse and the patient
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The primary goal of enhancing communication skills for a nurse is to establish rapport with patients, which can lead to better outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and improved quality of care. Generating a threat between the nurse and the patient is counterproductive to building rapport and does not align with the intention of enhancing communication skills in healthcare settings.

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