Adult Health Nursing Quizlet Final

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A patient presents with chest pain, dyspnea, and syncope. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows a wide QRS complex with absence of P waves. Which cardiovascular disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Stable angina
  • B. Atrial fibrillation
  • C. Ventricular tachycardia
  • D. Supraventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia characterized by wide QRS complexes and absence of P waves on electrocardiogram (ECG). Patients with VT may present with symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, and syncope due to reduced cardiac output and ineffective pumping of the heart. VT is a serious condition that requires prompt treatment to prevent hemodynamic compromise and potential cardiac arrest. Stable angina typically presents with chest pain that is provoked by exertion and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm with absent P waves on ECG. Supraventricular tachycardia typically presents with a narrow QRS complex on ECG.

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The nurse recognizes that a patient is exhibiting symptoms associated with a TIA. After what period of time does the nurse determine these symptoms will subside?

  • A. 1 hour
  • B. 12 hours
  • C. 3 to 6 hours
  • D. 24 to 36 hours
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary disruption in blood supply to the brain. The symptoms of a TIA typically last for a short period of time, usually less than 1 hour. In some cases, the symptoms may last up to 24 hours but generally resolve within a shorter time frame. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize the symptoms of a TIA promptly and assess the patient for appropriate management to prevent the risk of a full-blown stroke.

Which of the following laboratory findings is characteristic of nephrotic syndrome?

  • A. Hematuria
  • B. Hypoalbuminemia
  • C. Hyperkalemia
  • D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by increased glomerular permeability, leading to protein loss in the urine. One of the hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome is hypoalbuminemia, which refers to low levels of albumin in the blood due to its excessive loss in the urine. This loss of albumin results in decreased oncotic pressure, leading to edema and ascites. Hematuria (choice A) is not typically found in nephrotic syndrome but may be present in other kidney conditions. Hyperkalemia (choice C) is not specific to nephrotic syndrome and may be more common in conditions affecting potassium regulation. Hypocalcemia (choice D) is also not a characteristic feature of nephrotic syndrome.

A patient presents with fever, headache, myalgia, and a skin lesion resembling a "bull's eye" rash at the site of a tick bite. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?

  • A. Plasmodium falciparum
  • B. Trypanosoma cruzi
  • C. Borrelia burgdorferi
  • D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presentation described in the question, including the skin lesion resembling a "bull's eye" rash at the site of a tick bite, is characteristic of Lyme disease. Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, myalgia, and the erythema migrans rash, which appears as a red circular rash with central clearing resembling a bull's eye.

Which of the following give meaning and context to the message?

  • A. Process
  • B. Context
  • C. Phrases and sentences
  • D. Thoughts and feelings
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In order to understand and interpret a message accurately, it is essential to consider the context in which it was delivered. Context provides the necessary background information, setting, and circumstances that give meaning and relevance to the message being communicated. Without context, it can be challenging to fully grasp the intention and significance of the communication. While the other options (process, phrases and sentences, thoughts and feelings) play roles in communication, it is the context that ultimately helps to give meaning and context to the message being conveyed.

For the students better understanding about the anatomy of the breast, the CI shares ________.

  • A. various pictures of the breast, external and internal Views
  • B. pictures of different types of mastectomies
  • C. the experiences of breastfeeding mothers
  • D. artistic drawings of the breasts
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To help the students better understand the anatomy of the breast, it is crucial to provide visual aids that display both external and internal views of the breast. By sharing various pictures of the breast, students can visually learn about the structure, shape, location of different components, such as lobes, ducts, glands, and lymph nodes. Visual aids enhance the learning experience by providing a clear representation of the complex anatomical features of the breast, aiding in retention and comprehension. This approach can effectively supplement theoretical knowledge with practical visual references, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of breast anatomy.

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