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A patient presents with fever, headache, myalgia, and a skin lesion resembling a "bull's eye" rash at the site of a tick bite. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
- A. Plasmodium falciparum
- B. Trypanosoma cruzi
- C. Borrelia burgdorferi
- D. Leishmania donovani
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presentation described in the question, including the skin lesion resembling a "bull's eye" rash at the site of a tick bite, is characteristic of Lyme disease. Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis). The symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, myalgia, and the erythema migrans rash, which appears as a red circular rash with central clearing resembling a bull's eye.
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Leukemia is a chronic illness and it is expected that the patient will be in and out of the hospital. To maintain communication, the nurse will _________.
- A. ask the patient to call the hospital number listed in the yellow pages
- B. ask for the phone number where the patient can be easily contacted
- C. read the information sheet of the patient in the chart
- D. tell patient to write the number in a piece of paper and give it to the ward clerk
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important for the nurse to have a direct and easily accessible means of communication with the patient who is expected to be in and out of the hospital due to their chronic illness like leukemia. By asking for the patient's phone number, the nurse can quickly reach out to them for updates, clarification, or any urgent matters that may arise. This direct communication line helps in ensuring continuity of care and addressing the patient's needs promptly. This approach is more practical and efficient compared to options such as asking the patient to call the hospital number listed in the yellow pages or relying on chart information which may not always be up to date. Writing down the number and giving it to the ward clerk may cause unnecessary delays in communication.
It is important that Nurse Chona records accurately the restless caused by pain and that of hypoxia. Which of the following should be recorded as the restlessness caused by pain?
- A. Difficulty of breathing.
- B. Increased respiratory rate and blood pressure.
- C. Increased heart rate.
- D. Increased perspiration and change of position.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Restlessness caused by pain often manifests as increased perspiration and constant change of position. When a person is in pain, they may become sweaty or clammy due to increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Additionally, they may constantly shift or fidget in an attempt to find a more comfortable position that can alleviate the pain they are experiencing. Therefore, it is crucial for Nurse Chona to accurately document these behaviors as signs of pain-related restlessness. Difficulty of breathing (Option A), increased respiratory rate and blood pressure (Option B), and increased heart rate (Option C) are more indicative of hypoxia or respiratory distress rather than pain-related restlessness.
A patient is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for the management of hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hypercalcemia
- D. Hypotension Theatre Nursing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a patient is prescribed with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for managing hypertension, the nurse should monitor closely for signs of hyperkalemia. ACE inhibitors can affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to decreased aldosterone secretion and impaired potassium excretion by the kidneys. As a result, potassium levels in the blood may increase, leading to hyperkalemia.
This global program aims to end poverty and protect the planet?
- A. Center for Disease Control
- B. Sustainable development goal
- C. Millenium development goals
- D. World health organization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The global program that aims to end poverty and protect the planet is known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The goals address a wide range of social, economic, and environmental challenges that the world faces, including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, and energy. By achieving the SDGs, countries can work together to create a more sustainable and equitable world for present and future generations.
A patient appears confused and disoriented during a consultation. What is the nurse's priority?
- A. Assume the patient is not capable of understanding and proceed with the consultation.
- B. Provide clear and simple explanations and assess for any underlying causes of confusion.
- C. Ignore the patient's confusion and proceed with the consultation.
- D. Dismiss the patient's confusion as insignificant and focus solely on the medical information.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse's priority when a patient appears confused and disoriented during a consultation is to provide clear and simple explanations and assess for any underlying causes of confusion. It is essential to ensure that the patient understands the information being provided and to address any potential reasons for the confusion, such as medication side effects, medical conditions, or cognitive impairment. Ignoring the patient's confusion or assuming they cannot understand can lead to misunderstandings, errors in care, and ultimately jeopardize the patient's well-being. It is crucial to approach the situation with empathy, patience, and a focus on ensuring effective communication and understanding between the nurse and the patient.