Nokea
A patient presents with multiple, flesh-colored, papular lesions with a central dell on the face and trunk. The lesions have a tendency to bleed upon minor trauma and have been increasing in number over time. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Basal cell carcinoma
- B. Squamous cell carcinoma
- C. Seborrheic keratosis
- D. Actinic keratosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described in the question is classic for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC typically presents as multiple, flesh-colored, papular lesions with a central dell (resembling a pearl-like appearance) on sun-exposed areas such as the face and trunk. These lesions are known to bleed easily upon minor trauma and tend to increase in number over time. BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, often triggered by sun exposure. On the other hand, seborrheic keratosis (choice C) presents as benign, pigmented, stuck-on, waxy, or warty lesions with a rough surface, true bumpy appearance. Squamous cell carcinoma (choice B) usually presents as a scaly, erythematous, rapidly growing nodule, ulcer, or plaque. Actinic keratosis (choice D) presents as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas that can progress to
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Patient Sonia, who bas hypothyroidism is given which ONE of the following drug therapies?
- A. Propranolol
- B. Iron pills
- C. Iodine
- D. Levothyroxine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patient Sonia, who has hypothyroidism, would benefit from treatment with levothyroxine. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and is commonly prescribed to replace the deficient thyroid hormone in patients with hypothyroidism. It helps restore the thyroid hormone levels in the body, relieving symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance that are characteristic of hypothyroidism. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for conditions like hypertension, anxiety, and migraines; iron pills are used to treat iron deficiency anemia; and iodine supplementation is not typically used in the treatment of hypothyroidism unless it is due to iodine deficiency.
The nurse closely monitors the work she delegated to the barangay health worker. She is legally guided by this principle
- A. Respondent superior
- B. The good Samaritan
- C. Res ipsa loquitor
- D. Jurisprudence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respondent superior is a legal doctrine that holds an employer (such as a nurse) responsible for the actions of their employees (such as a barangay health worker) performed within the scope of their employment. In the scenario provided, the nurse delegated tasks to the barangay health worker, making the health worker an agent of the nurse. By closely monitoring the delegated work, the nurse is fulfilling her legal responsibility under the principle of respondent superior to ensure that the health worker performs their duties properly and in accordance with professional standards.
A patient is prescribed an opioid analgesic for postoperative pain management. Which nursing intervention is essential for preventing respiratory depression in the patient?
- A. Administering naloxone prophylactically
- B. Monitoring oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry
- C. Encouraging deep breathing exercises
- D. Administering bronchodilators as needed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring oxygen saturation with pulse oximetry is essential for preventing respiratory depression in a patient prescribed an opioid analgesic. Opioid analgesics can suppress the respiratory drive, leading to respiratory depression. By constantly monitoring the patient's oxygen saturation levels with pulse oximetry, nurses can promptly detect any signs of respiratory depression and intervene early to prevent serious complications. This allows for timely adjustments in the medication dosage or administration of other supportive measures to maintain adequate oxygenation and prevent respiratory compromise. Administering naloxone prophylactically may be necessary in case of an opioid overdose but is not typically done as a preventive measure. Encouraging deep breathing exercises can help prevent respiratory complications postoperatively but may not be sufficient in the presence of opioid-induced respiratory depression. Administering bronchodilators as needed is not directly related to preventing respiratory depression caused by opioid analgesics.
An 80-years-old male, admitted for emergency suturing of the forehead sustained from accident fall while gardening under local sedation us received in the ward. Which nursing intervention is APPROPRIATE to facilitate effective communication with this patient?
- A. Talk to patient when ful1y awake and inform him and family events which may occur post-surgery .
- B. Provide the patient with instruction materials about discharge.
- C. Tell the patient, "You are fine nothing to worry."
- D. Ask the patient, "Do you know where you are?''
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A is the most appropriate nursing intervention to facilitate effective communication with the 80-year-old male patient. This approach involves waiting for the patient to be fully awake before discussing important information about the surgery and potential post-surgery events with both the patient and family. This allows the patient to fully comprehend the information provided and ask any necessary questions. Effective communication is crucial in promoting patient understanding and cooperation, especially in older adults who may require additional time to process information due to factors such as age-related cognitive changes. It is important to ensure that the patient receives clear and accurate information to support their recovery process and reduce anxiety.
Which of the following clinical findings is most consistent with a diagnosis of pneumonia?
- A. Inspiratory crackles and dullness to percussion
- B. Hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain
- C. Clubbing of the fingers and cyanosis
- D. Decreased breath sounds and tracheal deviation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical findings of inspiratory crackles (also known as rales) and dullness to percussion are most consistent with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Inspiratory crackles are abnormal lung sounds heard on auscultation and are typically due to the presence of fluid or mucus in the alveoli. Dullness to percussion can indicate consolidation of lung tissue, which is a common finding in pneumonia where the alveolar spaces are filled with inflammatory exudate. These findings suggest localized lung pathology and are commonly observed in patients with pneumonia. Hemoptysis and pleuritic chest pain (Choice B) are more suggestive of pulmonary embolism or pleurisy. Clubbing of the fingers and cyanosis (Choice C) are signs of chronic hypoxemia and are not specific to pneumonia. Decreased breath sounds and tracheal deviation (Choice D) are more indicative of conditions such as a pneumoth