Nokea
A patient presents with severe sore throat, fever, and enlarged tonsils with exudate. Rapid antigen testing confirms group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) infection. Which of the following medications is the first-line treatment for this condition?
- A. Amoxicillin
- B. Azithromycin
- C. Cephalexin
- D. Clindamycin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amoxicillin. Amoxicillin is the first-line treatment for GAS pharyngitis due to its effectiveness against Streptococcus bacteria. It is a penicillin-class antibiotic recommended by guidelines. Azithromycin is an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin. Cephalexin is not the first-line choice for GAS. Clindamycin is reserved for patients allergic to both penicillin and macrolides.
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Which of the following actions should be taken first when encountering a person experiencing an allergic reaction with signs of respiratory distress?
- A. Administer an epinephrine auto-injector.
- B. Position the person comfortably.
- C. Monitor vital signs.
- D. Assess the severity of the reaction.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Assess the severity of the reaction. This should be the first action taken because it helps determine the urgency of the situation and guides subsequent steps. Assessing the severity allows for appropriate intervention - from calling emergency services if the reaction is severe, to administering medication if necessary.
A: Administering an epinephrine auto-injector should only be done if the severity of the reaction warrants it, as it is a potent medication that can have serious side effects if used inappropriately.
B: Positioning the person comfortably is important, but assessing the severity of the reaction takes precedence to ensure prompt and appropriate care.
C: Monitoring vital signs is important, but assessing the severity of the reaction is crucial in determining the immediate course of action.
A patient with a history of stroke is prescribed aspirin and clopidogrel for dual antiplatelet therapy. Which nursing intervention is essential for preventing bleeding complications in this patient?
- A. Administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) concomitantly
- B. Encouraging increased fluid intake
- C. Monitoring for signs of thrombocytopenia
- D. Providing education on fall prevention measures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) concomitantly. Aspirin and clopidogrel can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. PPIs help reduce this risk by decreasing gastric acid production. Therefore, administering PPIs with dual antiplatelet therapy is essential for preventing bleeding complications. Encouraging increased fluid intake (B) may not directly address the risk of bleeding. Monitoring for signs of thrombocytopenia (C) is important but may not directly prevent bleeding in this case. Providing education on fall prevention measures (D) is important for overall safety but does not directly address bleeding risks associated with dual antiplatelet therapy.
Nurse Mauve is now on ethical dilemma. This occurs when _______.
- A. a decision had to be made quickly under stress full situation
- B. choices are unclear
- C. there is a conflict between the nurse 's decision and that of his/her superior
- D. there is a conflict of two or more ethical principles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an ethical dilemma arises when there is a conflict between two or more ethical principles, leading to a difficult decision-making situation for Nurse Mauve. This involves weighing the benefits and consequences of each ethical principle to determine the best course of action. Choice A is incorrect as time pressure does not define an ethical dilemma. Choice B is incorrect because ethical dilemmas involve conflicting choices, not unclear ones. Choice C is incorrect as the conflict in an ethical dilemma is not necessarily with a superior but can be internal or with other stakeholders.
In the presentation of results of qualitative research, the nurse researcher uses as a reference in the write-up the
- A. first
- B. fourth
- C. second
- D. third
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: second. In qualitative research, the nurse researcher typically uses the second person as a reference in the write-up to maintain objectivity and convey findings accurately. Using "first" may introduce bias, "fourth" is irrelevant, and "third" is too far removed from the perspective of the researcher. By referencing the second person, the researcher can present the results in a clear and unbiased manner, enhancing the credibility of the study.
To promote drainage and reduce pressure from fluid, Nurse Selma nursing intervention is to have the child assume any of the following positions, EXCEPT _____.
- A. tilt head to side if sitting up.
- B. Lie on the affected area
- C. put the pillows behind the head
- D. lie on the non-affected ear.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lie on the affected area. This position would hinder drainage and increase pressure on the affected area. A: Tilt head to the side if sitting up, is correct as it promotes drainage. C: Putting pillows behind the head can also aid drainage. D: Lying on the non-affected ear can help reduce pressure on the affected side.