Adult Health Nursing First Chapter Quizlet

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A patient presents with sudden onset of weakness and numbness on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech. Imaging reveals an acute infarction involving the left middle cerebral artery territory. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

  • A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • B. Intracerebral hemorrhage
  • C. Ischemic stroke
  • D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient is presenting with sudden onset weakness and numbness on one side of the body, along with difficulty speaking and understanding speech, which are typical symptoms of a stroke. Imaging revealing an acute infarction involving the left middle cerebral artery territory is consistent with an ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke occurs when there is a blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the affected area, resulting in neurological deficits. This is in contrast to an intracerebral hemorrhage, which is caused by bleeding into the brain tissue, or a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which involves bleeding into the space surrounding the brain. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a brief blockage of blood flow to a part of the brain, usually resolving within 24 hours. In this case, the presentation and imaging findings are most

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A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with jaundice, ascites, and spider angiomas. Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypoalbuminemia. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?

  • A. Hepatic encephalopathy
  • B. Hepatorenal syndrome
  • C. Cirrhosis
  • D. Acute liver failure
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of jaundice, ascites, spider angiomas, elevated serum bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypoalbuminemia are all indicative of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a late stage of liver disease characterized by liver scarring and poor liver function. Jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels, is a common manifestation of liver dysfunction seen in cirrhosis. Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, is also a common complication of cirrhosis. Spider angiomas, which are small blood vessels near the skin's surface, are a result of altered blood flow in the liver due to cirrhosis. Prolonged prothrombin time and hypoalbuminemia are consequences of reduced liver synthesis function in cirrhosis. Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome

Inductive Reasoning process is applied in:

  • A. Qualitative research
  • B. Action research
  • C. Quantitative research
  • D. Applied research
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Inductive reasoning is the process of drawing general conclusions from specific observations or examples. It is often used in qualitative research to develop theories or explanations based on the data collected. Qualitative research focuses on understanding phenomena in their natural settings and uses inductive reasoning to interpret and make sense of the data. This approach allows researchers to explore complex issues and uncover new insights by analyzing the details and patterns within the data.

A postpartum client reports feeling emotional and tearful despite no apparent physical discomfort. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to address the client's emotional well-being?

  • A. Providing opportunities for rest and sleep
  • B. Educating the client about the "baby blues" phenomenon
  • C. Encouraging the client to engage in self-care activities
  • D. Referring the client to a mental health professional
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Educating the client about the "baby blues" phenomenon should be prioritized as it is a common occurrence that happens to many women after giving birth. The "baby blues" refer to feelings of sadness, irritability, and tearfulness that many new mothers experience due to hormonal changes and the stress of adjusting to motherhood. By understanding that these feelings are a normal part of the postpartum period and that they usually resolve on their own within a few weeks, the client may feel reassured and supported. Providing information and support can help the client cope with these emotions and reduce any anxiety or distress they may be feeling. If the client's emotional state does not improve or becomes more severe, further intervention such as referring to a mental health professional may be necessary. But initially, education and reassurance about the "baby blues" can be an effective nursing intervention to address the client's emotional well-being.

A patient with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) presents with sudden onset dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and hemoptysis. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate for confirming the diagnosis?

  • A. Chest X-ray
  • B. Electrocardiography (ECG)
  • C. D-dimer assay
  • D. Spiral computed tomography (CT) angiography
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Spiral CT angiography is the most appropriate test for confirming the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a patient with suspected PE. It is a non-invasive imaging modality that can detect filling defects within the pulmonary vasculature indicative of a clot. This diagnostic test has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PE, making it a valuable tool in the management of patients with suspected PE.

In giving health teaching to the mother how to manage the patient at home, which of the following she should emphasize?

  • A. Give the patient more time for self
  • B. Impose strict discipline
  • C. Do traditional parenting style
  • D. Need for emotional support
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When giving health teaching to the mother on how to manage the patient at home, emphasizing the need for emotional support is crucial. Taking care of a patient at home can be emotionally taxing, and the mother needs to be aware of the importance of providing emotional support to the patient. This can greatly impact the patient's overall well-being and recovery. By emphasizing the need for emotional support, the mother can create a conducive and supportive environment for the patient to heal physically, mentally, and emotionally. It also helps foster a sense of connection and positivity, which is beneficial for the patient's overall health outcomes.

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