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A patient presents with symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Which type of diabetes mellitus is the patient most likely experiencing?
- A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- C. Gestational diabetes mellitus
- D. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is most likely experiencing Type 1 diabetes mellitus based on the presentation of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. This results in high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and glucose spilling into the urine (glycosuria). Patients with Type 1 diabetes often present with the classic symptoms of polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger) due to the body's inability to utilize glucose for energy effectively. Management of Type 1 diabetes typically involves lifelong insulin therapy to maintain blood sugar levels within a target range.
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A patient presents with grouped vesicles on an erythematous base, affecting the lips and perioral region. The patient reports a history of similar episodes triggered by sunlight exposure and stress. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Herpes simplex labialis (cold sores)
- B. Perioral dermatitis
- C. Angular cheilitis
- D. Allergic contact dermatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's presentation with grouped vesicles on an erythematous base affecting the lips and perioral region, triggered by sunlight exposure and stress, is classic for herpes simplex labialis, commonly known as cold sores. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is responsible for cold sores and is highly contagious. Recurrent episodes can be triggered by factors like UV exposure, stress, illness, and hormonal changes. Symptoms typically start with tingling or burning sensations before progressing to grouped vesicles that rupture, forming crusts. Treatment may involve antiviral medications to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Perioral dermatitis typically presents with papules and pustules around the mouth, while angular cheilitis involves fissures and inflammation at the corners of the mouth. Allergic contact dermatitis would present with erythema, pruritus, and possibly vesicles in
A nurse is preparing to assist with a bone marrow biopsy procedure for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize to ensure patient comfort during the procedure?
- A. Administering intravenous sedation to the patient before the biopsy
- B. Providing distraction techniques such as music or relaxation exercises
- C. Applying a topical anesthetic cream to the biopsy site
- D. Allowing the patient to eat or drink up to one hour before the procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prioritizing the application of a topical anesthetic cream to the biopsy site is essential to ensure patient comfort during the bone marrow biopsy procedure. This will help numb the area where the biopsy needle will be inserted, reducing the pain and discomfort experienced by the patient. Administering intravenous sedation may not always be needed for a bone marrow biopsy and should be decided by the healthcare provider based on the patient's individual needs. Providing distraction techniques such as music or relaxation exercises can be helpful, but they may not be as effective at reducing the physical discomfort caused by the procedure. Allowing the patient to eat or drink up to one hour before the procedure is important for other reasons, such as preventing potential complications during sedation or anesthesia, but it is not directly related to ensuring comfort during the biopsy itself.
In the assessing the health condition of the preganant patient, Nurse Vera should focus on the _________.
- A. last menstrual period
- B. number of days of menstruation
- C. age of patient during menarche
- D. amount of menstrual flow
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurse Vera should focus on the last menstrual period when assessing the health condition of the pregnant patient because it is crucial for determining the estimated due date of the pregnancy. Knowing the date of the last menstrual period allows healthcare providers to calculate the gestational age of the fetus, monitor the progress of the pregnancy, and identify any potential issues or complications that may arise. Additionally, the last menstrual period is necessary for accurate dating of the pregnancy and scheduling prenatal care visits and screenings. By focusing on the last menstrual period, Nurse Vera can gather important information that will guide the management and care of the pregnant patient.
The purpose why the head nurse asked Nurse Rosie to submit an IR is to ______.
- A. note patterns of incidences in the same unit
- B. place it in Nurse Rosie's 201 file
- C. document immediately the incident
- D. evaluate Nurse Rosie's performance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The purpose of asking Nurse Rosie to submit an Incident Report (IR) is most likely to note patterns of incidences in the same unit. Incident reports are essential tools in healthcare settings to track and analyze unexpected events, errors, or situations that may impact patient care and safety. By collecting and reviewing incident reports, the head nurse can identify trends, patterns, or commonalities in the occurrences within the unit. This information allows for targeted interventions, improvements in practices, and enhanced patient safety. Therefore, asking Nurse Rosie to submit an IR would serve the purpose of noting patterns of incidences in the same unit for proactive and quality care delivery.
As Nurse Pedrito prepares for the day's visits, which of the following patients should be seen FIRST? A client with ________.
- A. Parkinson's disease with imbalance gait.
- B. A thoracostomy six months ago.
- C. A history of congestive heart failure with dyspnea.
- D. A stroke with nasogastric tube (NGT).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient with a history of congestive heart failure and dyspnea should be seen FIRST by Nurse Pedrito. Congestive heart failure is a serious condition that can lead to acute exacerbations and requires prompt assessment and management. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is a common symptom of heart failure and can indicate worsening cardiac function or fluid overload, which requires immediate attention to prevent further complications. Timely assessment and intervention for heart failure exacerbations can help prevent hospital admissions and improve patient outcomes. Therefore, prioritizing this patient for assessment and intervention is crucial to ensure their safety and well-being.