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A patient recently began a taking blood pressure drug and presents for a follow-up appointment. The office nurse reviews the patient's daily blood pressure recordings. Which stage of the nursing process corresponds to this review?
- A. Assessment
- B. Planning
- C. Diagnosis
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reviewing blood pressure recordings (D) is evaluation, as it assesses the drug's effectiveness post-implementation, per the text. Assessment (A) is initial data collection, planning (B) sets goals, and diagnosis (C) identifies issues—none fit this follow-up review. The text specifies evaluation examines outcomes like drug response, making D correct.
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Identify the drug that has more risk for producing gallstones as one of the side effects.
- A. Simvastatin
- B. Niacin
- C. Clofibrate
- D. Ezetimibe
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C' is correct because clofibrate increases gallstone risk by altering bile composition, per clinical data. 'A' (simvastatin), 'B' (niacin), and 'D' (ezetimibe) lack this association. Clofibrate's effect on cholesterol saturation in bile drives this adverse effect.
A patient has been using sleeping pills every night for the past several months. Now admitted to the hospital, he is prescribed his usual dose of sleeping pill. After administration, the patient continues to be restless and is wide awake. The nurse notifies the health care provider, who prescribes an increased dose. After receiving the new dose, the patient falls asleep. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
- A. Drug idiosyncrasy
- B. Cumulative drug effect
- C. Drug tolerance
- D. Toxic reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Drug tolerance (C) explains needing a higher dose for effect after prolonged use, per the text. Idiosyncrasy (A) is unusual, cumulative effect (B) is buildup, and toxicity (D) is overdose. The text defines tolerance as reduced response, matching this scenario.
A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient and reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the best choice for obtaining this information?
- A. Nursing instructor
- B. Nurse assigned to the patient
- C. Clinical drug reference
- D. Prescribing health care provider
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A clinical drug reference (C) is the best choice for detailed, accurate drug information, supplemented by a clinical pharmacist (E, not listed here but in the original). Instructors (A), assigned nurses (B), and providers (D) can offer insights, but a reference provides comprehensive, standardized data on drug actions. The text notes these as top resources, ensuring the student has reliable, up-to-date details for safe administration.
What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in heart failure?
- A. Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors
- B. Inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- C. Increasing calcium influx in cardiac cells
- D. Reducing sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because ACE inhibitors block angiotensin I to II conversion, reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone, thus easing cardiac load in heart failure, per pharmacology. 'A' is beta-blockers' action. 'C' relates to inotropes like digoxin, not ACEIs. 'D' is a diuretic effect, not primary for ACEIs. This mechanism lowers afterload and preload, key in CHF management.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed medication to a client. The nurse integrates knowledge of which of the following as a possible factor that could influence the drug response?
- A. Age
- B. Polypharmacy
- C. Weight
- D. Sex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Age (A) influences drug response, alongside polypharmacy (B), weight (C), sex (D), and disease (E in original), per the text. All affect pharmacokinetics or dynamics. The text lists these as key variables, with A impacting metabolism and excretion notably.