Nokea
A patient wants to know about the possible interactions of the various drugs that he has been prescribed for an illness. The nurse explains that the drugs interact with each other and produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions. Which of the following reactions is the nurse informing about?
- A. Additive drug reaction
- B. Synergistic drug reaction
- C. Antagonistic drug reaction
- D. Toxic drug reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A synergistic reaction (B) occurs when drugs combine for a greater effect, per the text. Additive (A) equals the sum, antagonistic (C) reduces effect, and toxic (D) is overdose. The text defines synergy as amplified action, aligning with the nurse's explanation.
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Pernicious anemia results from a deficiency of which of these vitamins?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Vitamin B9
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pernicious anemia is caused by Vitamin B12 (Choice D) deficiency, often due to lack of intrinsic factor, impairing absorption and red blood cell production. It's correct. Vitamin C (Choice A) deficiency causes scurvy, not anemia of this type. Vitamin D (Choice B) affects bones, not pernicious anemia. Vitamin B9 (Choice C), folate, causes megaloblastic anemia, but pernicious anemia specifically ties to B12, distinguishing D as the answer.
On a prescription, the directions to the patient are preceded by
- A. Rx:
- B. Sig.
- C. #.
- D. Disp.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sig. (B) precedes patient directions (signa = write), per the text, making it correct. Rx (A) starts the body, # (C) denotes quantity, and Disp. (D) amount, ruling them out.
Which is known as the 'fifth vital sign'?
- A. Temperature
- B. Respirations
- C. Pain
- D. Pulse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C' is correct because pain is recognized as the 'fifth vital sign' in nursing, alongside temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure, per Joint Commission standards, emphasizing its assessment importance. 'A', 'B', and 'D' are traditional vital signs, not the fifth. Pain's inclusion reflects its impact on patient care and medication decisions, a key clinical judgment focus.
Which of these statins is safe to consume with grapefruit juice?
- A. Rosuvastatin
- B. Atorvastatin
- C. Simvastatin
- D. Lovastatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rosuvastatin (Choice A) is minimally metabolized by CYP3A4, unaffected by grapefruit juice, making it correct. Atorvastatin (Choice B), simvastatin (Choice C), and lovastatin (Choice D) are CYP3A4 substrates, increasing levels with grapefruit, confirming A.
When reviewing information about the Orphan Drug Program, which of the following would the nurse expect to find?
- A. The program encourages development of products to treat rare diseases
- B. The program provides incentives like research grants
- C. The program grants 7 years of exclusive marketing rights
- D. The program grants provisional approval with a commitment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Orphan Drug Program encourages rare disease treatments (A), offers incentives (B), and grants 7-year exclusivity (C), per the text. Provisional approval (D) is separate. Nurses expect A as the core purpose, per the text's focus on incentivizing rare disease drug development.