Nokea
A patient wants to take a ginseng dietary supplement. The nurse instructs the patient to look for which potential adverse effect?
- A. Drowsiness
- B. Palpitations and anxiety
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated blood pressure, chest pain or palpitations, anxiety, insomnia, headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are potential adverse effects of ginseng. Drowsiness, difficulty with urination, and constipation are not potential adverse effects of ginseng.
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When a patient is receiving a second-generation antipsychotic drug, such as risperidone, the nurse will monitor for which therapeutic effect?
- A. Fewer panic attacks
- B. Decreased paranoia and delusions
- C. Decreased feeling of hopelessness
- D. Improved tardive dyskinesia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The therapeutic effects of the antipsychotic drugs include improvement in mood and affect, and alleviation or decrease in psychotic symptoms (decrease in hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, garbled speech). Tardive dyskinesia is a potential adverse effect of these drugs. The other options are incorrect.
A patient with the diagnosis of schizophrenia is hospitalized and is taking a phenothiazine drug. Which statement by this patient indicates that he is experiencing a common adverse effect of phenothiazines?
- A. I can't sleep at night
- B. I feel hungry all the time.
- C. Look at how red my hands are.
- D. My mouth has been so dry lately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenothiazines produce anticholinergic-like adverse effects of dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, and constipation.
A patient has been taking lithium for 1 year, and the most recent lithium level is 0.5 mEq/L. What concern will the nurse have, if any?
- A. The level is too low, indicating a subtherapeutic dose.
- B. The level is within the therapeutic range.
- C. The level is too high, indicating a toxic dose.
- D. No concerns, as lithium levels do not need monitoring.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Therapeutic lithium levels are typically between 0.6 and 1.2 mEq/L for maintenance therapy. A level of 0.5 mEq/L is subtherapeutic, which may reduce the effectiveness of the treatment. Monitoring lithium levels is critical due to its narrow therapeutic index.
Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, is prescribed for a patient. The nurse will monitor for which adverse effect during this drug therapy?
- A. Edema
- B. Photosensitivity
- C. Hypotension
- D. Severe neutropenia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atypical antipsychotics may cause severe neutropenia. The other effects are adverse effects of conventional antipsychotics.
A patient has been taking the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine for 6 months. The patient wants to go to a party and asks the nurse, -Will just one beer be a problem? I Which advice from the nurse is correct?
- A. You can drink beer as long as you have a designated driver.
- B. Now that you've been on the drug for 6 months, there will be no further dietary restrictions.
- C. If you begin to experience a throbbing headache, rapid pulse, or nausea, you'll need to stop drinking.
- D. You need to avoid all foods that contain tyramine, including beer, while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Foods containing tyramine, such as beer and aged cheeses, should be avoided while a patient is taking an MAOI. Drinking beer while taking an MAOI may precipitate a dangerous hypertensive crisis. The other options are incorrect.