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A patient was prescribed an oral antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis. The patient has now stopped, stating she developed a rash shortly after taking the first dose of the drug. What is the nurses most appropriate response?
- A. Encourage the woman to continue with the medication while monitoring her skin condition closely.
- B. Refer the woman to her primary care provider to have the medication changed.
- C. Arrange for the woman to go to the nearest emergency department.
- D. Encourage the woman to take an OTC antihistamine with each dose of the antibiotic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Refer the woman to her primary care provider to have the medication changed.
Rationale:
1. Rash after taking the first dose of an antibiotic suggests a possible allergic reaction.
2. Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe, including anaphylaxis.
3. It is crucial to discontinue the suspected medication to prevent worsening of the reaction.
4. Referring the patient to their primary care provider ensures proper evaluation and management.
5. Changing the medication is necessary to avoid potential harm from continued exposure.
Summary:
A: Continuing the medication can worsen the allergic reaction and is not recommended.
C: Going to the emergency department may be excessive at this point for a mild rash.
D: Taking an antihistamine does not address the underlying issue of an allergic reaction.
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A nurse is caring for an immigrant with low income.Which information should the nurse consider when planning care for this patient?
- A. There is a decreased frequency of morbidity.
- B. There is an increased incidence of disease.
- C. There is an increased level of health.
- D. There is a decreased mortality rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: There is an increased incidence of disease. Low-income immigrants often face barriers to healthcare access, leading to higher rates of undiagnosed and untreated health conditions. This information is crucial for the nurse to plan appropriate care interventions.
Incorrect choices:
A: Decreased frequency of morbidity is not accurate as low-income immigrants may experience higher rates of illness due to lack of resources.
C: Increased level of health is unlikely in this population due to socioeconomic factors affecting health outcomes.
D: Decreased mortality rate is not supported as low-income immigrants may have higher mortality rates due to limited access to healthcare.
A patient newly diagnosed with a cervical disk herniation is receiving health education from the clinic nurse. What conservative management measures should the nurse teach the patient to implement?
- A. Perform active ROM exercises three times daily.
- B. Sleep on a firm mattress.
- C. Apply cool compresses to the back of the neck daily.
- D. Wear the cervical collar for at least 2 hours at a time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sleep on a firm mattress. A firm mattress helps maintain proper spinal alignment, reducing pressure on the cervical spine. This promotes healing and prevents worsening of symptoms.
A: Performing active ROM exercises may exacerbate symptoms and worsen the condition.
C: Applying cool compresses may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue of spinal alignment.
D: Wearing a cervical collar for extended periods can weaken neck muscles and hinder natural healing processes.
In summary, sleeping on a firm mattress is the most appropriate conservative measure as it supports proper spinal alignment.
A smiling patient angrily states, “I will notcough and deep breathe.” How will the nurse interpret this finding?
- A. The patient’s denotative meaning is wrong.
- B. The patient’s personal space was violated.
- C. The patient’s affect is inappropriate.
- D. The patient’s vocabulary is poor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient's affect, which refers to their emotional expression, is inappropriate. The patient is smiling while expressing anger, which is a contradiction. This inconsistency indicates a possible underlying issue such as emotional distress or confusion. Choice A is incorrect because the issue is not about the patient's understanding of the term "cough and deep breathe." Choice B is incorrect as there is no mention of personal space violation. Choice D is incorrect as the issue is not related to the patient's vocabulary but rather their emotional expression.
A patient with metastatic cancer has developed trigeminal neuralgia and is taking carbamazepine (Tegretol) for pain relief. What principle applies to the administration of this medication?
- A. Tegretol is not known to have serious adverse effects.
- B. The patient should be monitored for bone marrow depression.
- C. Side effects of the medication include renal dysfunction.
- D. The medication should be first taken in the maximum dosage form to be effective.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The patient should be monitored for bone marrow depression. Carbamazepine can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased production of blood cells. Monitoring blood counts is crucial to detect this adverse effect early. Choice A is incorrect as Tegretol can have serious adverse effects, including bone marrow depression. Choice C is incorrect as the main side effects of carbamazepine are related to the central nervous system, not renal dysfunction. Choice D is incorrect as medications like carbamazepine should be started at a low dose and gradually titrated up to minimize side effects.
The patient is on parenteral nutrition and is lethargic. The patient reports thirst and headache and has had increased urination. Which problem does the nurse prepare to address?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hypercapnia
- D. Hypocapnia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperglycemia. The patient's symptoms like lethargy, thirst, headache, increased urination are indicative of high blood sugar levels. Lethargy is a common symptom of hyperglycemia due to the body's inability to use glucose effectively. Thirst and increased urination occur as the body tries to get rid of excess glucose through urine. Headache can result from dehydration due to increased urination. To address hyperglycemia, the nurse may need to adjust the patient's parenteral nutrition, monitor blood glucose levels, and potentially administer insulin.
Incorrect choices:
B: Hypoglycemia - Symptoms of hypoglycemia include sweating, confusion, and shakiness, which are not present in this case.
C: Hypercapnia - This is high carbon dioxide levels in the blood, typically caused by respiratory issues, not related to the symptoms described.
D: Hypocapnia - This is low carbon dioxide levels