Nokea
A patient who has a long history of alcohol abuse is admitted to the hospital for detoxification. In addition to medications needed to treat withdrawal symptoms, the nurse will anticipate giving intravenous
- A. dopamine to restore blood pressure
- B. fluid boluses to treat dehydration
- C. glucose to prevent hypoglycemia
- D. thiamine to treat nutritional deficiency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Thiamine prevents Wernicke's encephalopathy in alcohol detox; glucose follows if needed. Thiamine should be given to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy in patients treated for alcoholism.
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A client asks the NP about the differences in drug effects between men and women. What is known about the differences between the pharmacokinetics of men and women?
- A. Body temperature varies between men and women.
- B. Muscle mass is greater in women.
- C. Percentage of fat differs between genders.
- D. Proven subjective factors exist between the genders.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gender differences in pharmacokinetics are largely due to fat percentage , affecting drug distribution; muscle mass is greater in men (B is false), and temperature/subjective factors are less impactful.
The volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug highly bound in peripheral tissues would be?
- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Unchanged
- D. Cannot be determined
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A drug highly bound in peripheral tissues has a high Vd, as it distributes extensively beyond plasma, often exceeding total body water (e.g., >0.6 L/kg).
After teaching a group of nursing students about nonprescription drugs, the nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following?
- A. They require a licensed health care provider's signature.
- B. They are referred to as over-the-counter drugs.
- C. They can be taken without risk to the client.
- D. They do not have certain labeling requirements.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonprescription drugs are often referred to as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. They do not require a prescription (a licensed health care provider's signature) but do not come without risk to the client. The federal government has imposed labeling requirements of OTC drugs and they should only be taken as directed on the label unless under the supervision of a health care provider.
The primary use of aminoglycosides is to treat:
- A. Gram-positive infections
- B. Gram-negative infections
- C. Fungal infections
- D. Viral infections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aminoglycosides like gentamicin are primarily effective against Gram-negative bacteria due to their mechanism targeting bacterial ribosomes.
A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client's diabetes mellitus previously had been well controlled with glyburide (DiaBeta) daily, but recently the fasting blood glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL. Which medication, if added to the client's regimen, may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?
- A. Prednisone
- B. Phenelzine (Nardil)
- C. Atenolol (Tenormin)
- D. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prednisone may decrease the effect of oral hypoglycemics, insulin, diuretics, and potassium supplements. Option 2, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, and option 3, a β-blocker, have their own intrinsic hypoglycemic activity. Option 4 decreases urinary excretion of sulfonylurea agents, causing increased levels of the oral agents, which can lead to hypoglycemia.