Nokea
A patient who has chronic lung disease is stimulated to breathe because the chemoreceptors detect:
- A. low oxygen in the blood
- B. high oxygen in the blood
- C. low carbon dioxide in the blood
- D. high carbon dioxide in the blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In chronic lung disease, high carbon dioxide levels drive respiration due to desensitized oxygen chemoreceptors.
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The purpose of the CPM machine is to provide:
- A. active abduction and adduction
- B. active range of motion to all joints
- C. passive flexion and extension
- D. passive internal and external rotation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A CPM machine provides passive flexion and extension to promote joint mobility without active patient effort.
Which surfaces are replaced when a patient has a total hip replacement?
- A. The articular surfaces of the femur and the tibia
- B. The posterior surface of the patella and the tibia
- C. The acetabular cup and head of the tibia and fibula
- D. The head and neck of the femur and the acetabular cup
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total hip replacement involves replacing the femoral head and neck and the acetabular cup in the pelvis.
A patient is in skeletal traction for a comminuted fracture of the tibia. While giving pin care, you notice a small amount of serous drainage around each pin site. Which observation is most accurate?
- A. The drainage is a symptom of skin infection
- B. This finding is normal for skeletal traction
- C. This is an indication of pin dislocation
- D. The drainage is an indication of a bone infection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A small amount of serous drainage is normal around pin sites in skeletal traction, as long as there are no signs of infection.
A patient has had his hand and part of his forearm amputated due to a traumatic injury. What would be the result if he refused to have his stump wrapped continuously with an elastic bandage or wear a compression sock?
- A. The incision on the end of the stump will not heal
- B. There will be excessive bruising and swelling of the stump
- C. The stump will not heal in a shape to fit inside the prosthesis well
- D. He can wait a few weeks after surgery before wrapping the stump or wearing the compression sock
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Without compression, the stump may swell excessively and heal in a shape unsuitable for a prosthesis.
Which is (are) true of chemical regulation of respirations?
- A. Chemoreceptors are located in the carotid and aorta and the brain
- B. The cerebellum is responsible for brain control of respirations
- C. The chemoreceptors in the brain cause an increase in the rate and depth of respirations in response to changes in blood pH
- D. If the carbon dioxide level is higher than normal in the blood, the blood becomes more acidic and the pH falls below 7.35
- E. If the oxygen level in the blood falls, this provides the stimulus to breathe in people who do not have chronic lung disease
- F. Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta respond to decreased oxygen in the blood and send the message to the medulla
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E,F
Rationale: These statements accurately describe the chemical regulation of respiration, involving chemoreceptors and responses to pH and oxygen levels.