Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Test Bank Free

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A patient who is being tested for HIV asks what tests are used. The nurse would correct in stating that the tests used to confirm HIV infection are which of the following?

  • A. CD 4+ cell count and thymus function.
  • B. ELISA and Western Blot
  • C. B-cell and T-cell count.
  • D. CD 4+, viral load, and ELISA
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: ELISA and Western Blot. The rationale is as follows: ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and Western Blot are specific tests used to confirm HIV infection by detecting antibodies or antigens related to the virus. ELISA is the initial screening test, while Western Blot is the confirmatory test. These tests are highly sensitive and specific for HIV detection.

Choice A is incorrect because CD4+ cell count and thymus function are not tests used to confirm HIV infection. They are used to monitor disease progression and immune function in HIV-positive individuals.

Choice C is incorrect because B-cell and T-cell count are also not tests used to confirm HIV infection. They are indicators of immune system health but not specific for HIV diagnosis.

Choice D is incorrect because while CD4+ and viral load tests are used in monitoring HIV progression, ELISA is the main confirmatory test for HIV diagnosis, and viral load is not typically used for initial

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Which of the ff. descriptions by the nurse would best explain glaucoma to a patient?

  • A. “There is an increase in the amount of vitreous humor.”
  • B. “There is an increase in the intraocular pressure.”
  • C. “There is a decrease in the amount of aqueous humor.”
  • D. “There is a decrease in the intraocular pressure.”
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "There is an increase in the intraocular pressure." Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve due to increased pressure within the eye. High intraocular pressure is a key factor in the development of glaucoma. Choice A is incorrect because glaucoma is not associated with an increase in vitreous humor. Choice C is incorrect as glaucoma is not related to a decrease in aqueous humor. Choice D is incorrect because glaucoma is characterized by an increase, not a decrease, in intraocular pressure. Therefore, the most accurate description to explain glaucoma to a patient is the one that mentions the increase in intraocular pressure.

A nurse assesses that a patient has not voided in 6 hours. Which question should the nurse ask to assist in establishing a nursing diagnosis of Urinary retention?

  • A. “Do you feel like you need to go to the bathroom?”
  • B. “Are you able to walk to the bathroom by yourself?”
  • C. “When was the last time you took your medicine?” NursingStoreRN
  • D. “Do you have a safety rail in your bathroom at home?”
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A

Rationale:
1. Asking if the patient feels the need to go to the bathroom helps assess urgency.
2. Urinary retention may lead to the inability to sense the urge to void.
3. This question directly addresses the issue of voiding, crucial in diagnosing urinary retention.

Summary:
B: Mobility is not directly related to urinary retention.
C: Medication timing is important but not directly related to urinary retention.
D: Safety rail inquiry is more related to fall prevention, not urinary retention.

A nurse is completing an assessment. Which findings will the nurse report as subjective data? (Select all that apply.)

  • A. Patient’s temperature
  • B. Patient’s wound appearance
  • C. Patient describing excitement about discharge
  • D. Patient pacing the floor while awaiting test results
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because subjective data refers to information provided by the patient based on their feelings, perceptions, and experiences. In this case, the patient describing excitement about discharge is subjective data as it reflects the patient's emotional state. The other choices, A, B, and D, are considered objective data because they are observable and measurable by the nurse. The patient's temperature can be measured (A), the wound appearance can be visually assessed (B), and the patient pacing the floor is an observable behavior (D). Therefore, these choices are not subjective data.

Which of the following instructions should be included in the discharge teaching plan for a client after thyroidectomy for Grave’s disease?

  • A. keep an accurate record of intake and output.
  • B. use nasal desmopressin acetate (DDAVP).
  • C. be sure to get regular follow-up care.
  • D. Be sure to exercise to improve cardiovascular fitness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Patients with Grave's disease who undergo thyroidectomy require regular follow-up care for monitoring thyroid hormone levels and overall health.
Step 2: Regular follow-up care ensures early detection of any complications or recurrence of the disease.
Step 3: Monitoring helps in adjusting medication doses and managing any potential side effects.
Step 4: Choice A is important but not specific to thyroidectomy for Grave's disease. Choice B is not typically used post-thyroidectomy. Choice D may be beneficial but not a priority compared to regular follow-up care.

A 28 y.o man is diagnosed with acute epididymitis. Which of the ff. symptoms supports this diagnosis?

  • A. Burning and pain on urination
  • B. Severe tenderness and swelling in the scrotum
  • C. Foul-swelling ejaculate and severe scrotal swelling
  • D. Foul-smelling urine and pain on urination
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe tenderness and swelling in the scrotum. Epididymitis is characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, causing symptoms such as severe tenderness and swelling in the scrotum. Choice A is incorrect as burning and pain on urination are more indicative of a urinary tract infection. Choice C, foul-smelling ejaculate and severe scrotal swelling, is not commonly associated with epididymitis. Choice D, foul-smelling urine and pain on urination, may indicate a urinary tract infection but are not specific to epididymitis.

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