Cardiovascular MCQ Questions

Cardiovascular MCQ Questions Related

Review Cardiovascular MCQ Questions related questions and content

A patient who is receiving dobutamine for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) has the following nursing interventions included in the plan of care. Which action will be most appropriate for the registered nurse (RN) to delegate to an experienced licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)?

  • A. Teach the patient the reasons for remaining on bed rest
  • B. Change the peripheral IV site according to agency policy
  • C. Monitor the patient's blood pressure and heart rate every hour
  • D. Titrate the rate to keep the systolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An experienced LPN/LVN would be able to monitor BP and heart rate and would know to report significant changes to the RN. Teaching patients, making adjustments to the drip rate for vasoactive drugs, and inserting a new peripheral IV catheter require RN level education and scope of practice.

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Which of the following is considered a high-risk factor to develop hypercoagulability?

  • A. Cardiomyopathy
  • B. Nephrotic syndrome
  • C. Smoking
  • D. Myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome increases hypercoagulability by losing antithrombin III in urine.

Arteriolar constriction is caused by:

  • A. Serotonin
  • B. ANP
  • C. NO
  • D. Histamine
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Serotonin causes arteriolar constriction by activating smooth muscle receptors.

Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid management in AKI?

  • A. Hetastarch is preferred over albumin for colloid replacement
  • B. Ringer's lactate has better outcomes
  • C. Normal saline has better outcomes
  • D. Both Ringer's lactate and normal saline have the same outcomes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Both Ringer's lactate and normal saline have similar outcomes in AKI fluid management, as studies show no significant difference in mortality or renal recovery.

A nurse is teaching an adult female patient about the risk factors for hypertension. What should the nurse explain as risk factors for primary hypertension?

  • A. Obesity and high intake of sodium and saturated fat
  • B. Diabetes and use of oral contraceptives
  • C. Metabolic syndrome and smoking
  • D. Renal disease and coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Obesity, stress, high intake of sodium or saturated fat, and family history are all risk factors for primary hypertension. Diabetes and oral contraceptives are risk factors for secondary hypertension. Metabolic syndrome, renal disease, and coarctation of the aorta are causes of secondary hypertension.

Smooth muscle in blood vessels is located in the:

  • A. tunica externa
  • B. tunica intima
  • C. tunica media
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The tunica media contains smooth muscle, enabling vessel constriction and dilation.