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A patient who is scheduled for a Pap test tells the nurse that she has had intercourse during the last year with several men. Which of the following information should the nurse teach to the patient?
- A. Contraceptive use
- B. Antibiotic therapy
- C. Chlamydia testing
- D. Pregnancy testing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlamydia testing is recommended annually for women with multiple sex partners. There is no indication that the patient needs teaching about contraceptives, pregnancy testing, or antibiotic therapy.
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A patient who is 58-years-old calls the health clinic and tells the nurse that she has a moderate amount of vaginal bleeding after 6 years of menopause. Which of the following procedures should the nurse anticipate teaching the patient about?
- A. Endometrial biopsy
- B. Uterine balloon therapy
- C. Laser endometrial ablation
- D. Dilation and curettage (D&C)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A postmenopausal woman with vaginal bleeding should be evaluated for endometrial cancer, and endometrial biopsy is the primary test for endometrial cancer. D&C will be needed only if the biopsy does not provide sufficient information to make a diagnosis. Endometrial ablation and balloon therapy are used to treat menorrhagia, which is unlikely in this patient.
Which of the following information should the nurse include when teaching a 51-year-old female patient who is considering the use of combined estrogen-progesterone hormone therapy (HT) during menopause?
- A. Use of estrogen-containing vaginal creams provides most of the same benefits as oral HT.
- B. Use of HT for up to 10 years to prevent symptoms such as hot flashes is generally considered safe.
- C. HT decreases osteoporosis risk and increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and breast cancer.
- D. Increased incidence of colon cancer in women taking HT requires frequent stool assessment for occult blood.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Data from the Women's Health Initiative indicate an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and breast cancer in women taking combination HT but a decrease in hip fractures. Vaginal creams decrease symptoms related to vaginal atrophy and dryness, but they do not offer the other benefits of HT, such as decreased hot flashes. Most women who use HT are placed on short-term treatment and are not treated for up to 10 years. The incidence of colon cancer decreases in women taking HT.
A patient who is trying to become pregnant asks the nurse about ways to determine when she is most likely to conceive. Which of the following information is the basis of the nurses' response?
- A. Ovulation prediction kits provide accurate information about ovulation.
- B. Ovulation is difficult to predict unless she has regular menstrual periods.
- C. She will need to bring a specimen of cervical mucus to the clinic for testing.
- D. She should take her body temperature daily and have intercourse when it drops.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ovulation prediction kits indicate when luteinizing hormone (LH) levels first rise. Ovulation occurs about 28-36 hours after the first rise of LH. This information can be used to determine the best time for intercourse. Body temperature rises at ovulation. Postcoital cervical smears are used in infertility testing, but they do not predict the best time for conceiving and are not obtained by the patient. Determination of the time of ovulation can be predicted by basal body temperature charts or ovulation prediction kits and is not dependent on regular menstrual periods.
The nurse is planning an educational session at a local community centre related to health promotion during menopause. Which of the following information should the nurse include related to management of hot flashes?
- A. Limit daily calcium intake
- B. Vitamin E daily supplement
- C. Have a glass of wine before bedtime
- D. Daily rigorous exercise in the evening
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Daily intake of vitamin E in doses up to 800 IU may help reduce hot flashes in some women. Changing sleep patterns may be helped by avoiding alcohol and controlling hot flashes. A regular moderate program (three to four times per week) of aerobic and weight-bearing exercises is appropriate but it has no effect on hot flashes.
Which of the following information should the nurse include when developing a teaching plan for a patient who is premenopausal with symptoms of uterine bleeding caused by a leiomyoma?
- A. Aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to control mild to moderate pain.
- B. The tumour size is likely to increase throughout the patient's lifetime.
- C. The symptoms may decrease after the patient undergoes menopause.
- D. The patient will need frequent monitoring to detect any malignant changes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Leiomyomas appear to depend on ovarian hormones and will atrophy after menopause, leading to a decrease in symptoms. Aspirin use is discouraged because the antiplatelet effects may lead to heavier uterine bleeding. The size of the tumour will shrink after menopause. Leiomyomas are benign tumours that do not undergo malignant changes.