ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet

ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet Related

Review ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet related questions and content

A patient with a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is receiving heparin therapy. Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of the heparin therapy?

  • A. Prothrombin time (PT)
  • B. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
  • C. Bleeding time
  • D. Platelet count
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT). PTT is used to monitor the effectiveness of heparin therapy because heparin primarily affects the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, which is reflected in the PTT results. Monitoring PTT helps to ensure that the patient's blood is within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation.

A: Prothrombin time (PT) is used to monitor warfarin therapy, which affects the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade.
C: Bleeding time is not typically used to monitor heparin therapy effectiveness.
D: Platelet count is important to monitor for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, but it does not directly reflect the effectiveness of heparin therapy in preventing or treating DVT.

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A patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin. Which dietary instruction should the nurse provide?

  • A. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
  • B. Increase intake of dairy products.
  • C. Limit intake of citrus fruits.
  • D. Avoid high-sodium foods.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid foods high in vitamin K. Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist, so consuming high-vitamin K foods can counteract its effects. By avoiding such foods, the medication can work effectively in preventing further blood clot formation. Choice B is incorrect because dairy products do not directly interact with warfarin. Choice C is incorrect as citrus fruits do not have a significant impact on warfarin therapy. Choice D is incorrect as sodium intake is not directly related to the action of warfarin.

An adolescent patient seeks care in the emergency department after sharing needles for heroin injection with a friend who has hepatitis B. To provide immediate protection from infection, what medication will the nurse administer?

  • A. Corticosteroids
  • B. Gamma globulin
  • C. Hepatitis B vaccine
  • D. Fresh frozen plasma
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gamma globulin. Gamma globulin contains antibodies that can provide immediate passive immunity against hepatitis B virus. Administering corticosteroids (A) would not protect against hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B vaccine (C) is used for prevention, not immediate protection. Fresh frozen plasma (D) does not contain specific antibodies against hepatitis B.

What is the primary action of a short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) prescribed to a patient with an acute asthma exacerbation?

  • A. Reduce inflammation
  • B. Relieve bronchospasm
  • C. Thin respiratory secretions
  • D. Suppress cough
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relieve bronchospasm. Short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) like albuterol act by stimulating beta2 receptors in the airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation and relieving bronchospasm. This helps to quickly open up the airways during an acute asthma exacerbation. Choice A is incorrect because SABAs do not directly reduce inflammation. Choice C is incorrect as SABAs do not affect respiratory secretions. Choice D is incorrect as SABAs do not suppress cough but rather target bronchospasm.

The patient admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis has rapid, deep respirations. What action should the nurse take?

  • A. Administer the prescribed PRN lorazepam (Ativan).
  • B. Start the prescribed PRN oxygen at 2 to 4 L/min.
  • C. Administer the prescribed normal saline bolus and insulin.
  • D. Encourage the patient to practice guided imagery for relaxation.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, administer the prescribed normal saline bolus and insulin. In diabetic ketoacidosis, rapid, deep respirations, known as Kussmaul breathing, occur due to compensatory mechanisms to lower blood pH. Normal saline bolus helps correct dehydration and insulin therapy helps lower blood sugar levels, leading to improved acidosis. Option A is incorrect as lorazepam does not address the underlying cause of the rapid respirations. Option B is incorrect as oxygen is not the priority in this situation. Option D is incorrect as guided imagery does not address the physiological needs of the patient in this critical condition.

When providing dietary instructions to a client with cirrhosis, which dietary restriction is important for the nurse to emphasize?

  • A. Low-protein diet
  • B. Low-sodium diet
  • C. High-fiber diet
  • D. High-calcium diet
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Correct answer is B (Low-sodium diet) for cirrhosis because sodium can worsen fluid retention and increase ascites. A (Low-protein diet) is not necessary unless hepatic encephalopathy is present. C (High-fiber diet) can help with constipation but not a primary concern. D (High-calcium diet) is not a priority for cirrhosis management.

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