Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Test Bank

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A patient with a displaced femoral neck fracture is scheduled for surgical intervention. Which surgical procedure is most appropriate for this type of fracture?

  • A. Closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF)
  • B. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
  • C. Closed reduction and external fixation (CREF)
  • D. Closed reduction alone
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: For a displaced femoral neck fracture, the most appropriate surgical procedure is usually an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). This procedure involves making an incision to reposition the fractured bone fragments and securing them in place with screws or other fixation devices. ORIF allows for better alignment of the fracture, which is crucial for proper healing and minimizing the risk of complications like avascular necrosis or nonunion. Closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) may not be as effective for displaced femoral neck fractures due to the complex nature of the fracture and the need for precise realignment and stability provided by an open surgical approach. External fixation is less commonly used for femoral neck fractures and is typically reserved for certain specific cases where internal fixation is not feasible. Closed reduction alone is unlikely to provide adequate stability for a displaced femoral neck fracture and is generally not recommended as the primary surgical treatment for this type of injury.

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The ability of a screening test to distinguish correctly between persons with and without a disease is knows as _________.

  • A. Reliability
  • B. Validity
  • C. Sensitivity
  • D. Specificity
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Validity refers to the extent to which a test accurately measures what it is intended to measure. In the context of screening tests for diseases, validity is crucial in assessing whether the test can correctly distinguish between individuals who have the disease (true positives) and those who do not have the disease (true negatives). This includes the ability to minimize false positives (incorrectly identifying someone as having the disease) and false negatives (incorrectly identifying someone as not having the disease). Therefore, when assessing the ability of a screening test to distinguish correctly between persons with and without a disease, we are essentially evaluating its validity.

A patient presents with gradual, painless visual field loss in both eyes, particularly in the peripheral vision. Tonometry reveals elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Open-angle glaucoma
  • B. Closed-angle glaucoma
  • C. Age-related macular degeneration
  • D. Diabetic retinopathy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient presents with gradual, painless visual field loss in both eyes, particularly in the peripheral vision, which is characteristic of glaucoma. The elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on tonometry further supports a diagnosis of glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma and typically presents insidiously with a slow progression of vision loss. In open-angle glaucoma, the drainage angle of the eye remains open but becomes less efficient over time, leading to increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage. This results in peripheral visual field loss. Closed-angle glaucoma, on the other hand, presents more acutely with sudden eye pain, redness, and blurred vision due to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure from a blocked drainage angle. Age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy typically do not present with elevated IOP or peripheral visual field loss.

The charts are stored in the Medical Records or storage room for at least _____ years.

  • A. 3-5 years
  • B. 5-10 years
  • C. 1-5 years
  • D. 1-3 years
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Medical records are typically required to be retained for a certain period of time as mandated by legal and regulatory requirements. The retention period for medical records is generally between 5 to 10 years, depending on the jurisdiction and specific regulations governing healthcare facilities. Keeping medical records for this duration ensures that they are available for reference, audits, legal purposes, and continuity of care for patients. Storing medical records for an adequate length of time also helps in ensuring continuity of care and tracking patients' medical history over time, which is crucial for quality healthcare delivery. Therefore, storing charts in the Medical Records or storage room for at least 5-10 years aligns with standard practices in healthcare compliance and patient care.

Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by a localized accumulation of pus within the periodontal tissues, often associated with deep periodontal pockets?

  • A. Dental caries
  • B. Gingivitis
  • C. Periodontitis
  • D. Dental abscess
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A dental abscess is a localized accumulation of pus within the periodontal tissues, often associated with deep periodontal pockets. This condition typically arises from bacterial infection in the tooth pulp (periapical abscess) or in the periodontal tissues (periodontal abscess). The pus accumulation leads to localized swelling, pain, and tenderness in the affected area. Treatment usually involves draining the abscess and addressing the underlying infection through root canal therapy, periodontal treatment, or extraction, depending on the extent of the infection. It is important to seek prompt dental care to prevent potential complications as abscesses can lead to severe pain, systemic infection, and even tooth loss if left untreated.

One GOOD nursing intervention of the nurse for Almira would be to do which of the following?

  • A. Advise her to eat her meals.
  • B. Put her on absolute bed rest.
  • C. Take the vital signs q 4 hours.
  • D. Advise her to take care of Jay.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for Almira would be to advise her to eat her meals. This is important in promoting her health and well-being, especially if she has been neglecting her own nutrition due to stress or caring for her son, Jay. Providing proper nutrition is a basic aspect of nursing care that supports the overall health and recovery of the patient. By encouraging Almira to prioritize her own nutrition, the nurse can help ensure that she has the physical strength and energy needed to take care of herself and her son effectively.

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