Nokea
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low-protein diet. Which dietary choice indicates understanding of the prescribed diet?
- A. Grilled salmon
- B. Lentil soup
- C. Beef stew
- D. Chicken Caesar salad
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A patient with chronic kidney disease prescribed a low-protein diet should avoid high-protein foods like grilled salmon, lentil soup, and beef stew. Chicken Caesar salad, on the other hand, typically contains a smaller amount of protein compared to the other options. This choice indicates an understanding of the need to limit protein intake while still enjoying a balanced meal. However, it is important to note that the quantity and portion sizes of high-protein ingredients in the salad should also be moderate to comply with a low-protein diet.
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The electric fan in the unit sparks occasionally but continues to function relatively well. Nurse Minda though knows that she ________.
- A. Has to ask one of the staff to preliminary check it
- B. will just wait until the fan stops to function
- C. should alert the unit staff to closely observe the fan
- D. must have it checked by the Maintenance Department immediately
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurse Minda should alert the unit staff to closely observe the fan because the occasional sparking may be a sign of an impending issue that could lead to a more serious problem. By closely monitoring the fan, the staff can ensure the safety of those in the unit and take necessary actions if the situation worsens. It is important to address potential safety hazards promptly to prevent any harm or damage.
In terms of social support therapy, which of these is the MOST APRROPRIATE and therapeutic?
- A. With appropriate support, lives in the community, either independently or in supervised setting .
- B. Individualized relationship with a caregiver.
- C. High structured environment with constant aid and supervision.
- D. Vocational training with moderate supervision but not beyond second grade academic challenges.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In terms of social support therapy for a patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the most appropriate and therapeutic option would be for the patient to live in the community with appropriate support, either independently or in a supervised setting. This approach allows the individual to maintain a sense of autonomy and independence while still having access to necessary support and care as needed. Living in the community promotes social interaction, engagement, and a sense of normalcy, which can contribute positively to the patient's mental well-being and overall quality of life. This approach also aligns with the principles of person-centered care, focusing on the individual's preferences, needs, and autonomy.
Upon clinical assessment, the nurse observes that the OUTSTANDING manifestation of the patient is ______.
- A. weight gain
- B. obesity
- C. emaciation
- D. edema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Upon clinical assessment, the nurse observes that the outstanding manifestation of the patient is edema. Edema is characterized by the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling. Edema can be a sign of various health conditions, such as heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, or injury. It is crucial to identify and address the underlying cause of edema promptly to prevent complications and provide appropriate treatment for the patient.
A woman in active labor experiences prolonged and severe pain in the lower back region, along with irregular contractions. What maternal condition should the nurse consider as a potential cause of abnormal labor progress?
- A. Occiput posterior fetal position
- B. Uterine hyperstimulation
- C. Maternal exhaustion
- D. Intrauterine infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An occiput posterior fetal position, where the baby's head is facing the mother's abdomen rather than her back, can lead to prolonged and severe back pain during labor. This position can cause irregular contractions and difficulty in descending through the birth canal, resulting in abnormal labor progress. The back pain experienced in this case is often intense due to the pressure exerted on the mother's lower back and may also be associated with intense back labor. It is essential for the nurse to recognize this potential issue and assist in maneuvers or positions to help the baby rotate to a more optimal position for delivery.
and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) during the acute phase response?
- A. Macrophages
- B. T lymphocytes
- C. B lymphocytes
- D. Natural killer (NK) cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Macrophages are the primary cells responsible for producing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) during the acute phase response. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in initiating and propagating the inflammatory response. Macrophages secrete TNF-α in response to infection, injury, or other inflammatory stimuli, contributing to the recruitment of immune cells and the activation of additional inflammatory pathways. In the context of the acute phase response, macrophages are key mediators of the immune response and play a crucial role in host defense mechanisms.