Nokea
A patient with a history of gout should avoid which type of food?
- A. Red meat
- B. Chicken
- C. Fish
- D. Dairy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A patient with a history of gout should avoid foods high in purines, which can exacerbate gout attacks. Red meat is particularly high in purines, so it is the type of food that should be avoided. Chicken and fish are lower in purines compared to red meat, making them better choices for individuals with gout. Dairy products are generally not associated with triggering gout attacks, so they can be consumed in moderation by patients with gout.
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The client diagnosed with thalassemia, a hereditary anemia, is to receive a transfusion of packed RBCs. The cross-match reveals the presence of antibodies that cannot be cross-matched. Which precaution should the nurse implement when initiating the transfusion?
- A. Start the transfusion at 10-15 mL per hour for 15-30 minutes
- B. Re-crossmatch the blood until the antibodies are identified
- C. Have the client sign a permit to receive uncrossmatched blood
- D. Have the unlicensed nursing assistant stay with the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Starting the transfusion slowly at 10-15 mL per hour for 15-30 minutes is the correct precaution to implement when the cross-match reveals the presence of antibodies that cannot be cross-matched. This allows the nurse to monitor for any adverse reactions due to the presence of antibodies. Re-crossmatching the blood until the antibodies are identified is not practical and may delay the transfusion, potentially compromising the patient's condition. Having the client sign a permit to receive uncrossmatched blood is not the best course of action as the focus should be on ensuring a safe transfusion. Having an unlicensed nursing assistant stay with the client does not address the specific precaution needed to manage a transfusion in the presence of antibodies.
Which situation(s) are classified as natural disasters?
- A. Blizzards
- B. Blizzards, Volcanic eruptions
- C. Volcanic eruptions
- D. Structural collapse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
In a routine sputum analysis, which of the following indicates proper nursing action before sputum collection?
- A. Secure a clean container
- B. Discard the container if the outside becomes dirty
- C. Rinse the client's mouth with Listerine before collection
- D. Tell the client that 4 tablespoons of sputum are needed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to secure a clean container before sputum collection. This is essential to prevent contamination of the specimen, ensuring accurate test results and avoiding the introduction of external particles or bacteria. Choice B is incorrect because discarding the container if the outside becomes dirty is not necessary; the cleanliness of the inside is crucial. Choice C is incorrect as rinsing the client's mouth with Listerine before collection may introduce unwanted substances that can affect the test results. Choice D is incorrect as the amount of sputum required can vary depending on the test, and specifying a specific amount without medical guidance is not appropriate.
Which risk factor would the nurse expect to find in the client diagnosed with pancreatic cancer?
- A. Chewing tobacco
- B. Low-fat diet
- C. Chronic alcoholism
- D. Exposure to industrial chemicals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chronic alcoholism. Chronic alcoholism is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer as alcohol has a damaging effect on the pancreas. Chewing tobacco (choice A) is associated with oral and throat cancers, not specifically pancreatic cancer. A low-fat diet (choice B) is generally considered a healthier choice and not a direct risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Exposure to industrial chemicals (choice D) may be linked to other types of cancers but is not a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
Which situations are classified as natural disasters?
- A. Blizzards
- B. A, C
- C. Volcanic eruptions
- D. Structural collapse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Blizzards and volcanic eruptions are both examples of natural disasters caused by natural forces such as extreme weather conditions and tectonic activities. On the other hand, structural collapse is typically a result of man-made factors like poor construction or maintenance. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as only blizzards and volcanic eruptions are classified as natural disasters.