Nokea
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction is prescribed aspirin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Avoid taking this medication with other NSAIDs
- C. Discontinue the medication if you experience ringing in your ears.
- D. Take this medication only when you have chest pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Avoiding other NSAIDs prevents increased bleeding risk with aspirin, a key antiplatelet post-MI. Empty stomach increases GI upset, ringing requires reporting, and aspirin is daily, not PRN.
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The client's blood gas values are: pH=7.35; CO2=60; HCO3=34; and pO2=60. The nurse correctly interprets these to indicate that the client is in which state?
- A. Compensated respiratory acidosis
- B. Partly compensated metabolic alkalosis
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Normal pH with elevated CO2 and HCO3 indicates compensated respiratory acidosis, where kidneys retain bicarbonate to balance chronic CO2 retention.
A client has been taking perphenazine (Trilafon) by mouth for two days and now displays the following: head turned to the side, neck arched at an angle, stiffness and muscle spasms in neck. The nurse would expect to give which of the following as a PRN medication?
- A. Promazine (Sparine).
- B. Biperiden (Akineton).
- C. Thiothixene (Navane).
- D. Haloperidol (Haldol).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms describe acute dystonia, an extrapyramidal side effect of perphenazine. Biperiden, an antiparkinsonian agent, counteracts these effects. Promazine, thiothixene, and haloperidol (A, C, D) are antipsychotics and would not relieve dystonia.
Hirschprung's Disease is somewhat similar to cystic fibrosis. In both diseases, the newborn does not pass out meconium.
Pathophysiologically, in Hirschprung's Disease, the child's affected organ is:
- A. Small intestine
- B. Large intestine
- C. Stomach
- D. Liver
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hirschprung's disease involves aganglionic segments of the large intestine, causing obstruction.
John H is a 66-year-old man with a history of heavy smoking presented himself to the ER due to difficulty breathing of 2 years duration. Mr. H was also diagnosed with effusion of the right lung. He is now scheduled for chest tube insertion.
The level of the water in the water-seal chamber is at
- A. 2 cm
- B. -20 cm
- C. -10 cm
- D. -80 cm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The water-seal chamber is maintained at 2 cm to prevent air entry.
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of diverticulitis. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse provide to prevent flare-ups?
- A. Increase intake of nuts and seeds.
- B. Follow a low-fiber diet.
- C. Consume a high-fiber diet.
- D. Avoid all dairy products.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A high-fiber diet promotes regular bowel movements and reduces pressure in the colon, preventing diverticulitis flare-ups. Nuts and seeds (A) may irritate diverticula, a low-fiber diet (B) worsens symptoms, and dairy restriction (D) is unnecessary unless lactose intolerant.