Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. Which laboratory parameter should be monitored closely during methotrexate therapy?

  • A. Serum sodium
  • B. Serum creatinine
  • C. Liver function tests
  • D. White blood cell count
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Methotrexate is a medication commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It is known to have potential hepatotoxic effects, meaning it can harm the liver. Monitoring liver function tests (such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin levels) is essential to detect any liver damage early on during methotrexate therapy. By closely monitoring liver function tests, healthcare providers can assess the medication's impact on the liver and determine if any dose adjustments or discontinuation of the drug is necessary to prevent further liver damage. Regular monitoring of liver function tests helps ensure the safe and effective use of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

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Which of the following statements is TRUE of Quality Improvement?

  • A. Focuses on the organizational structure than patient care
  • B. Continually improve every process in the organization.
  • C. Centered on people rather than processes.
  • D. An approach that is externally driven by the stakeholders.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Quality Improvement is a systematic approach that aims to continually enhance the quality of services or products within an organization. The statement that is true of Quality Improvement is that it focuses on continually improving every process in the organization (Option B). This includes processes related to patient care, organizational structure, and all aspects of operations. Quality Improvement involves identifying areas for improvement, implementing changes, monitoring the effectiveness of those changes, and then making further refinements. By focusing on every process within the organization, Quality Improvement helps drive positive outcomes and ensures sustainable improvements in quality and performance.

Which of the following is a surgical procedure commonly performed to treat carpal tunnel syndrome?

  • A. Ulnar nerve transposition
  • B. Median nerve release
  • C. Radial nerve decompression
  • D. Brachial plexus neurolysis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the wrist. The surgical procedure commonly performed to treat carpal tunnel syndrome is called median nerve release or carpal tunnel release. During this surgery, the transverse carpal ligament is divided to relieve pressure on the median nerve, reducing symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers. The goal of this procedure is to improve nerve function and reduce symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome.

A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Anterior uveitis
  • B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
  • C. Endophthalmitis
  • D. Corneal abrasion
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presentation described in the question is characteristic of anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body in the eye. Patients typically present with symptoms such as redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination findings include ciliary injection (redness and engorgement of blood vessels in the ciliary body), corneal edema (swelling of the cornea), and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to involvement of the iris muscles. These features differentiate anterior uveitis from other conditions. Treatment of anterior uveitis may involve topical steroids and cycloplegics to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.

In providing health teaching to the famil, Nurse Emma would include in her teachings the etioology of Scabies which is __________.

  • A. virus
  • B. bacteria
  • C. fungi
  • D. Parasite
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scabies is caused by an infestation of the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This parasitic mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin, where it lays eggs and causes intense itching and skin irritation. The transmission of scabies usually occurs through close and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. Unlike viruses, bacteria, and fungi, which are microorganisms that can also cause skin infections, scabies specifically refers to an infestation by a parasitic mite.

Which model of nursing is focused on the task-oriented approach to client care?

  • A. Total patient care
  • B. Modular
  • C. Functiona l
  • D. Primary care nursing
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Total patient care model of nursing is focused on the task-oriented approach to client care. In this model, the nurse is responsible for all aspects of care for a group of patients during their shift. It involves providing direct care, coordinating with other healthcare team members, and overseeing the patients' overall well-being. This approach emphasizes a comprehensive and holistic view of the patient's needs, where the nurse is actively involved in all aspects of care delivery.