Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers

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A patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with acute pain and swelling of the wrist joint. Physical examination reveals ulnar deviation of the fingers and swan-neck deformity of the digits. Which imaging modality is most appropriate for further evaluation of wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis?

  • A. X-ray
  • B. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • C. Ultrasound
  • D. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: X-ray is the most appropriate imaging modality for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. It can show joint space narrowing, erosions, soft tissue swelling, and periarticular osteopenia. X-rays are readily available, cost-effective, and provide valuable information about joint damage and disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. In this case, X-ray would be able to confirm the presence of erosions, joint deformities, and assess the severity of the disease in the wrist joint. While MRI and ultrasound can also be helpful in evaluating rheumatoid arthritis, X-ray remains the initial imaging modality of choice due to its convenience and ability to assess bony changes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is not indicated for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

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A patient presents with multiple, dome-shaped, translucent papules with central umbilication on the face and trunk. The lesions are asymptomatic and have been gradually increasing in number. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

  • A. Basal cell carcinoma
  • B. Molluscum contagiosum
  • C. Sebaceous hyperplasia
  • D. Keratoacanthoma
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the poxvirus. It typically presents as multiple dome-shaped, translucent papules with central umbilication on the face and trunk. The lesions are usually asymptomatic but can be itchy. Molluscum contagiosum is a common infection in children but can also occur in adults, especially those who are immunocompromised. The lesions can gradually increase in number over time. Basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous hyperplasia, and keratoacanthoma do not typically present with the characteristic features of molluscum contagiosum.

When collecting evidence from a rape victim, the victim's clothing is removed and placed in a

  • A. paper bag .
  • B. Plastic bag
  • C. Ziploc bag
  • D. Trash bag
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When collecting evidence from a rape victim, it is important to handle the victim's clothing properly to preserve any potential evidence. The preferred method is to remove the clothing and place them in a paper bag. Paper bags are used in order to prevent the alteration or degradation of any DNA evidence that may be present on the clothing. Paper bags allow the clothing to breathe and prevent the growth of mold or other contaminants that can occur in plastic bags or trash bags. Additionally, paper bags help preserve trace evidence such as fibers or hairs that may be crucial in the investigation of the case. It is essential to handle and store the clothing correctly to maintain the integrity of the evidence for the investigation and potential prosecution.

In a conscious trauma patient with a suspected head injury, which of the following actions is appropriate?

  • A. Applying direct pressure to the wound.
  • B. Administering aspirin for pain relief.
  • C. Maintaining cervical spine immobilization.
  • D. Assessing pupil reaction to light.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In a conscious trauma patient with a suspected head injury, maintaining cervical spine immobilization is crucial. The presence of a head injury raises concerns for potential concomitant cervical spine injury. Therefore, it is vital to prevent any movement of the cervical spine to avoid exacerbating a potential spinal cord injury. Maintaining immobilization involves stabilizing the patient's head and neck in a neutral position until appropriate imaging studies can assess the extent of any spinal injury. This action helps prevent further harm and ensures the safety of the patient during assessment and management of their injuries.

There are three demographic variables in population growth. Which one is NOT included?

  • A. Fertility
  • B. Morbidity
  • C. Migration
  • D. Mortality
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morbidity refers to the state of being diseased or unhealthy, which is not directly related to population growth. On the other hand, fertility, mortality, and migration are three fundamental demographic variables that significantly influence population growth. Fertility refers to the ability of a population to produce offspring, mortality deals with death rates within a population, and migration involves the movement of individuals into or out of a particular area. These three variables play crucial roles in shaping the size and composition of a population over time.

Which of the following is a primary consideration in planning for her care?

  • A. To prevent problems related to immobility
  • B. To prevent infection
  • C. Planning for client`s eventual inability communicate
  • D. To prevent complications
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When planning for a client's care, a primary consideration is to prevent problems related to immobility. Immobility can lead to a range of complications such as pressure ulcers, muscle weakness, joint contractures, and decreased circulation. To maintain the client's overall health and well-being, it is essential to address mobility issues and implement strategies to prevent complications associated with immobility. By prioritizing interventions that promote movement and prevent immobility-related problems, the client's quality of life can be improved and potential health risks mitigated.

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