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A patient with a recent diagnosis of HIV infection expresses an interest in exploring alternative and complementary therapies. How should the nurse best respond?
- A. Complementary therapies generally have not been approved, so patients are usually discouraged from using them.
- B. Researchers have not looked at the benefits of alternative therapy for patients with HIV, so we suggest that you stay away from these therapies until there is solid research data available.
- C. Many patients with HIV use some type of alternative therapy and, as with most health treatments, there are benefits and risks.
- D. Youll need to meet with your doctor to choose between an alternative approach to treatment and a medical approach.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges that many HIV patients use alternative therapies and emphasizes the importance of weighing the benefits and risks. This response shows respect for the patient's autonomy and preferences while also recognizing the need for informed decision-making.
Choice A is incorrect because it dismisses complementary therapies outright without considering individual patient needs or preferences.
Choice B is incorrect as it suggests avoiding alternative therapies entirely, which may not align with the patient's wishes or experiences.
Choice D is incorrect as it presents a false dichotomy between alternative and medical approaches, disregarding the possibility of integrating both types of treatments.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who just underwentan intravenous pyelography that revealed a renal calculus obstructing the left ureter. What is the nurse’sfirstpriorityin caring for this patient?
- A. Turn the patient on the right side to alleviate pressure on the left kidney.
- B. Encourage the patient to increase fluid intake to flush the obstruction.
- C. Monitor the patient for fever, rash, and difficulty breathing.
- D. Administer narcotic medications to the patient for pain.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monitor the patient for fever, rash, and difficulty breathing. The rationale is as follows:
1. Renal calculus obstruction can lead to complications such as infection, so monitoring for fever is crucial.
2. Rash can indicate an allergic reaction to the contrast dye used in the procedure.
3. Difficulty breathing may signal a severe reaction or complications.
Summary:
A: Turning the patient on the right side does not directly address the urgent need to monitor for potential complications.
B: While fluid intake is important, it is not the immediate priority when the patient is at risk of developing complications.
D: Administering narcotic medications may be necessary for pain relief but does not address the potential emergent issues related to the obstruction.
The nurse has observed that an older adult patient with a diagnosis of end-stage renal failure seems to prefer to have his eldest son make all of his health care decisions. While the family is visiting, the patient explains to you that this is a cultural practice and very important to him. How should you respond?
- A. Privately ask the son to allow the patient to make his own health care decisions.
- B. Explain to the patient that he is responsible for his own decisions.
- C. Work with the team to negotiate informed consent.
- D. Avoid divulging information to the eldest son.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Work with the team to negotiate informed consent. In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize respecting the patient's cultural beliefs while also ensuring the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions about his own healthcare. By working with the healthcare team to negotiate informed consent, the nurse can involve both the patient and his eldest son in the decision-making process, ensuring that the patient's preferences are respected while also upholding ethical principles of patient autonomy and beneficence. This approach promotes collaboration and respect for cultural values while still safeguarding the patient's rights.
Choice A is incorrect because it does not involve the patient in the decision-making process and could undermine his autonomy. Choice B is incorrect as it disregards the patient's cultural beliefs and preferences. Choice D is incorrect as it may violate the patient's right to information and involvement in his own care.
The nurse is providing nutrition education to a Korean patient using the five food groups. In doing so, what should be the focus of the teaching?
- A. Discouraging the patient’s ethnic food choices
- B. Changing the patient’s diet to a more conventional American diet
- C. Including racial and ethnic practices with food preferences of the patient
- D. Comparing the patient’s ethnic preferences with American dietary choices
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it emphasizes cultural competence and respect for the patient's background. By including racial and ethnic practices with food preferences of the patient, the nurse can provide tailored and relevant nutrition education. This approach promotes inclusivity and acknowledges the importance of cultural traditions in dietary habits. Choices A and B are incorrect as they disregard the patient's cultural background and may lead to cultural insensitivity. Choice D is also incorrect as it focuses on comparison rather than understanding and incorporating the patient's unique cultural context. Overall, choice C aligns with patient-centered care and facilitates effective communication and trust between the nurse and the patient.
Examination of a newborn in the birth room reveals bilateral cataracts. Which disease process in the maternal history would likely cause this abnormality?
- A. Rubella
- B. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- C. Syphilis
- D. HIV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rubella. Rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome, which includes bilateral cataracts as a characteristic feature. Rubella virus can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can also cause congenital cataracts, but rubella is more commonly associated with this abnormality. Syphilis can cause other congenital abnormalities but not bilateral cataracts. HIV does not typically lead to bilateral cataracts in newborns.
A nurse is planning the care of a patient with AIDS who is admitted to the unit withPneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Which nursing diagnosis has the highest priority for this patient?
- A. Ineffective Airway Clearance
- B. Impaired Oral Mucous Membranes
- C. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
- D. Activity Intolerance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ineffective Airway Clearance. In a patient with AIDS and PCP, maintaining clear airways is crucial to prevent respiratory distress and hypoxia. Pneumocystis pneumonia can cause thick secretions and mucus plugging, leading to difficulty breathing. Ensuring effective airway clearance is a priority to optimize oxygenation and prevent respiratory complications. Impaired oral mucous membranes (B) and imbalanced nutrition (C) are important considerations but not as immediate as airway clearance. Activity intolerance (D) may be a concern for the patient but ensuring adequate oxygenation takes precedence.