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A patient with a recent history of intermittent bleeding is undergoing capsule endoscopy to determine the source of the bleeding. When explaining this diagnostic test to the patient, what advantage should the nurse describe?
- A. The test allows visualization of the entire peritoneal cavity.
- B. The test allows for painless biopsy collection.
- C. The test does not require fasting.
- D. The test is noninvasive.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Capsule endoscopy allows the noninvasive visualization of the mucosa throughout the entire small intestine. Bowel preparation is necessary and biopsies cannot be collected. This procedure allows visualization of the entire GI tract, but not the peritoneal cavity.
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The physiology instructor is discussing the GI system with the pre-nursing class. What should the instructor describe as a major function of the GI tract?
- A. The breakdown of food particles into cell form for digestion
- B. The maintenance of fluid and acid-base balance
- C. The absorption into the bloodstream of nutrient molecules produced by digestion
- D. The control of absorption and elimination of electrolytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary functions of the GI tract include the breakdown of food particles into molecular form for digestion; the absorption into the bloodstream of small nutrient molecules produced by digestion; and the elimination of undigested unabsorbed food stuffs and other waste products. Nutrients must be broken down into molecular form, not cell form. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are primarily under the control of the kidneys.
An adult patient is scheduled for an upper GI series that will use a barium swallow. What teaching should the nurse include when the patient has completed the test?
- A. Stool will be yellow for the first 24 hours postprocedure.
- B. The barium may cause diarrhea for the next 24 hours.
- C. Fluids must be increased to facilitate the evacuation of the stool.
- D. Slight anal bleeding may be noted as the barium is passed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Postprocedural patient education includes information about increasing fluid intake; evaluating bowel movements for evacuation of barium; and noting increased number of bowel movements, because barium, due to its high osmolarity, may draw fluid into the bowel, thus increasing the intraluminal contents and resulting in greater output. Yellow stool, diarrhea, and anal bleeding are not expected.
An advanced practice nurse is assessing the size and density of a patient's abdominal organs. If the results of palpation are unclear to the nurse, what assessment technique should be implemented?
- A. Percussion
- B. Auscultation
- C. Inspection
- D. Rectal examination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Percussion is used to assess the size and density of the abdominal organs and to detect the presence of air-filled, fluid-filled, or solid masses. Percussion is used either independently or concurrently with palpation because it can validate palpation findings.
The nurse is preparing to perform a patient's abdominal assessment. What examination sequence should the nurse follow?
- A. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation
- B. Inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion
- C. Inspection, percussion, palpation, and auscultation
- D. Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When performing a focused assessment of the patient's abdomen, auscultation should always precede percussion and palpation because they may alter bowel sounds. The traditional sequence for all other focused assessments is inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
A patient's sigmoidoscopy has been successfully completed and the patient is preparing to return home. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse include in the patient's discharge education?
- A. The patient should drink at least 2 liters of fluid in the next 12 hours.
- B. The patient can resume a normal routine immediately.
- C. The patient should expect fecal urgency for several hours.
- D. The patient can expect some scant rectal bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Following sigmoidoscopy, patients can resume their regular activities and diet. There is no need to push fluids and neither fecal urgency nor rectal bleeding is expected.