Nokea
A patient with a severe viral infection exhibits reduced levels of circulating lymphocytes. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this observation?
- A. Apoptosis of infected lymphocytes
- B. Clonal expansion of memory T cells
- C. T cell anergy
- D. Upregulation of adhesion molecules on lymphocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A patient with a severe viral infection exhibiting reduced levels of circulating lymphocytes is likely due to the apoptosis of infected lymphocytes. When a virus enters the body, it can infect and replicate within lymphocytes, subsequently triggering the immune system to induce apoptosis in infected cells to prevent further spread of the virus. This process is part of the body's defense mechanism to control the viral infection. As a result, the circulating lymphocyte levels may decrease as infected lymphocytes are targeted for apoptosis. This phenomenon helps to limit viral replication and spread within the body, thereby aiding in the immune response to eliminate the virus.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which assessment findings is INDICATIVE of the diagnosis of hypertension?
- A. Family members with high blood pressure
- B. Elevation of blood cholesterol level
- C. Stressful work environment
- D. Consistent evaluation of blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The assessment finding that is indicative of the diagnosis of hypertension is consistent evaluation of blood pressure. Hypertension is diagnosed based on repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Consistently high blood pressure readings, usually defined as systolic blood pressure consistently at or above 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure consistently at or above 90 mmHg, are a key factor in diagnosing hypertension. Family history of high blood pressure (Choice A), elevation of blood cholesterol level (Choice B), and a stressful work environment (Choice C) may be risk factors for hypertension but are not diagnostic criteria. In order to diagnose hypertension, healthcare providers rely on consistent measurement and evaluation of blood pressure over time.
Which of the following structures is responsible for transporting food from the oral cavity to the esophagus during swallowing?
- A. Tongue
- B. Pharynx
- C. Esophagus
- D. Epiglottis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pharynx is the structure responsible for transporting food from the oral cavity to the esophagus during swallowing. When food is chewed and mixed with saliva in the oral cavity, it forms a bolus that is propelled to the pharynx by the tongue. The pharynx serves as a common passageway for both air and food, allowing the bolus to pass into the esophagus while preventing it from entering the trachea. The epiglottis, although important in preventing food from entering the airway, is not directly involved in the transportation of food from the oral cavity to the esophagus.
After formulating and delimiting the research problem, which following will be a PRIORITY action of Gloria?
- A. Develop the theoretical framework of the study
- B. Formulate the hypothesis
- C. Plan the research design of the study
- D. Conduct a 1iterature search on the topic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After formulating and delimiting the research problem, the priority action would be to plan the research design of the study. This is crucial because the research design will outline the specific methods and procedures that Gloria will use to investigate the research problem and answer the research questions. Planning the research design involves determining the overall structure of the study, selecting the appropriate research methods, and outlining how data will be collected and analyzed. This step is essential for ensuring that the study is well-organized, rigorous, and will yield reliable results. Developing a solid research design early on will set a strong foundation for the rest of the research process.
After tracheostomy procedure, the nurse documents important observation made during the procedure such us _________.
- A. Response of the patient's after procedure
- B. Vital signs of the patient's during the procedure
- C. Amount, color and consistency of sputum and appearance of the incision
- D. Behavior of the patient during the procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is essential for the nurse to document important observations made during a tracheostomy procedure, and this includes the amount, color, and consistency of sputum as well as the appearance of the incision. Monitoring these factors helps assess the patient's respiratory status, risk of infection, and wound healing progress. Ensuring detailed documentation in this area allows for timely intervention if there are any concerning changes observed post-procedure. Observations such as the response of the patient, vital signs during the procedure, and patient behavior are also important but may be documented separately from the specific details related to sputum, incision appearance, and wound care.
The young mother wanted to know about the motor development APPROPRIATE in a preschooler. Which of the following statements NOT true?
- A. "He can tie shoe lace"
- B. "He can alternate feet when climbing"
- C. "He has not developed good postures"
- D. "He can hop two or more times"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement that the preschooler can alternate feet when climbing is not true. Typically, preschoolers at this age group are still developing their coordination and may not have mastered the skill of alternating feet while climbing. It is more common for them to use one foot after the other while climbing. This skill usually requires more advanced motor development and coordination, which may come later in the preschool years.