Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks

Adult Health Med Surg Nursing Test Banks Related

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A patient with advanced cancer experiences dyspnea and anxiety during episodes of breathlessness. Which intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's symptoms?

  • A. Administer oxygen therapy to relieve dyspnea.
  • B. Teach the patient pursed-lip breathing techniques.
  • C. Recommend opioid medications for symptom management.
  • D. Refer the patient to a respiratory therapist for breathing exercises.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Opioid medications are considered the first-line pharmacological treatment for dyspnea in palliative care patients with advanced cancer. Opioids help relieve dyspnea by reducing respiratory drive and the sensation of breathlessness, providing effective symptom management. In this case, addressing the patient's dyspnea with opioid medications would likely also help alleviate their anxiety related to breathlessness. Administering oxygen therapy (choice A) may not be effective at relieving dyspnea in this situation, as dyspnea in advanced cancer patients is often not primarily due to low oxygen levels. Teaching pursed-lip breathing techniques (choice B) and referring the patient to a respiratory therapist for breathing exercises (choice D) may be helpful complementary interventions, but opioid medications should be the priority for symptom management.

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In the ethical principle of beneficence, which is the BASIS of every nursing action in all work settings?

  • A. Treating all patients selectively.
  • B. Informing patients of hospital bills.
  • C. Respecting refusal of treatment.
  • D. Doing good at all times.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The ethical principle of beneficence, which is the basis of every nursing action in all work settings, emphasizes the importance of doing good at all times for the benefit of the patient. Nurses are expected to act in the best interest of their patients and strive to promote their well-being and welfare. This principle guides nurses to provide care that is compassionate, effective, and in line with the patient's needs and preferences. By prioritizing the good of the patient in all actions and decisions, nurses uphold the principle of beneficence and demonstrate their commitment to promoting positive outcomes for those under their care.

A patient presents with gross hematuria, flank pain, and a palpable abdominal mass. Imaging reveals a large heterogeneous renal mass with areas of necrosis and calcifications. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

  • A. Renal cell carcinoma
  • B. Renal cyst
  • C. Renal abscess
  • D. Renal angiomyolipoma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of gross hematuria, flank pain, palpable abdominal mass, along with imaging findings of a large heterogeneous renal mass with necrosis and calcifications are highly suggestive of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. The presence of necrosis and calcifications are characteristic features of RCC. Imaging modalities such as CT scans or MRI can confirm the diagnosis by showing the typical features of RCC, including a solid mass with areas of necrosis and calcifications. It is important to further evaluate this patient, likely with a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of the disease for appropriate management.

A postpartum client expresses concern about feeling lightheaded when standing up. What should the nurse prioritize in the assessment to address this issue?

  • A. Checking blood pressure
  • B. Assessing for postural hypotension
  • C. Evaluating hemoglobin levels
  • D. Monitoring for signs of hemorrhage
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Postural hypotension, also known as orthostatic hypotension, is a common issue postpartum and can cause lightheadedness when standing up. When a postpartum client expresses concern about feeling lightheaded, assessing for postural hypotension should be a priority. This assessment involves measuring the client's blood pressure while lying down, sitting, and standing to identify any significant drops in blood pressure upon changing positions. Identifying postural hypotension early allows for appropriate interventions to prevent potential falls and address the client's symptoms. Checking blood pressure, evaluating hemoglobin levels, and monitoring for signs of hemorrhage are also important assessments but may not directly address the specific issue of feeling lightheaded when standing up in this scenario.

The foundation of medication administration is the application for the "Rights of Medication Administration." which of the following is NOT included in these rights?

  • A. Right route
  • B. Right dosage
  • C. Right patient
  • D. Right price.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The "Rights of Medication Administration" include the following fundamental principles to ensure safe medication administration: right patient, right medication, right dosage, right route, right time, and right documentation. The price of the medication is not a part of these essential rights. These rights help to prevent medication errors and ensure that patients receive the correct medication in the correct way.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation for COPD has a duration of at least 4 to 12 weeks. Which of the following should be avoided while patient is having this program?

  • A. Pursed lip breathing
  • B. Smoking cessation
  • C. Aerobic, upper and lower body conditioning
  • D. Peripheral muscle wasting
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During pulmonary rehabilitation for COPD, smoking cessation should not be avoided but instead strongly encouraged. Smoking cessation is a crucial component in managing COPD and improving lung function. Continued smoking can exacerbate COPD symptoms and hinder the progress made through rehabilitation efforts. Therefore, it is essential for patients to quit smoking while undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation to maximize the benefits of the program and improve their overall lung health.

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