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A patient with atrial fibrillation may experience decreased cardiac output, due to
Correct Answer: Incomplete ventricular filling
Rationale: Since the atria quiver, rather than contract, the normal atrial kick is lost, leading to a decrease in the cardiac output.
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Which statement would lead the nurse to offer more instruction about taking warfarin?
- A. I eat a banana every morning with breakfast.'
- B. I try to eat more green leafy vegetables, especially broccoli, spinach, and kale.'
- C. I try to eat a well-balanced, low-fat diet.'
- D. I don't drink alcohol or caffeine.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Avoid marked changes in eating habits, such as dramatically increasing foods high in vitamin K (e.g., broccoli, spinach, kale, greens). Limit alcohol intake to small amounts.
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
- A. Secondary hypertension is caused by another disorder like renal disease.
- B. Secondary hypertension is related to hereditary factors.
- C. Secondary hypertension cannot be treated effectively.
- D. Secondary hypertension is no real threat to health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secondary hypertension is a consistently elevated blood pressure that is caused by another disorder, such as renal disease, diabetes, or Cushing syndrome.
The nurse caring for a 92-year-old patient with pneumonia who is receiving IV carefully monitors the flow rate of the IV infusion because rapid infusion can cause which disorder?
- A. hypotension.
- B. thrombophlebitis.
- C. pulmonary emboli.
- D. heart failure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heart failure can result from rapid infusion of intravenous fluids in older adults.
The nurse would reinforce teaching for a patient with Raynaud disease to include which teaching point?
- A. Warming hands and feet with a heating pad
- B. Using mittens in cold weather
- C. Practicing stress-reducing techniques
- D. Complete smoking cessation
- E. Using caution when cleaning the refrigerator or freezer
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Nursing interventions include patient teaching in techniques for stress reduction, avoiding exposure to cold, and techniques for smoking cessation.
Which patient teaching would help to prevent venous stasis?
- A. Dangle legs when sitting.
- B. Avoid crossing the legs at the knee.
- C. Elevate legs when lying in bed or sitting.
- D. Massage extremities to help maintain blood flow.
- E. Wear elastic stockings when ambulating.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Avoid prolonged sitting or standing. Avoid crossing the legs at the knee. Elevate legs when sitting. Wear elastic stockings when ambulatory. Do not massage extremities because of danger of embolization of clots (thrombus breaking off and becoming an embolus).