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A patient with bipolar disorder is experiencing a depressive episode. Which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Encouraging the patient to participate in physical activities.
- B. Providing a stimulating environment to keep the patient engaged.
- C. Allowing the patient to isolate until they feel better.
- D. Encouraging the patient to express their feelings and concerns.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because encouraging the patient to express their feelings and concerns is crucial in addressing depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. This intervention can help the patient process their emotions, improve self-awareness, and facilitate therapeutic communication. It also promotes a supportive environment for the patient to receive appropriate care.
Incorrect choices:
A: While physical activities can be beneficial, they may not address the underlying emotional issues during a depressive episode.
B: Providing a stimulating environment might overwhelm the patient and worsen their symptoms.
C: Allowing the patient to isolate may exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, and hinder recovery.
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A patient is receiving education about dietary restrictions while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which food should the patient avoid?
- A. Aged cheese
- B. Fresh vegetables
- C. Grilled chicken
- D. Fruit juices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aged cheese. MAOIs interact with tyramine in certain foods like aged cheese, leading to dangerous hypertensive crisis. Aged cheese contains high levels of tyramine, which can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure when combined with MAOIs. Fresh vegetables (B), grilled chicken (C), and fruit juices (D) do not have high levels of tyramine and can be safely consumed with MAOIs. It is crucial for patients taking MAOIs to avoid foods rich in tyramine to prevent adverse reactions.
Which of the following is a common symptom of borderline personality disorder?
- A. Obsessive-compulsive behaviors
- B. Fear of social situations
- C. Grandiose sense of self-importance
- D. Impulsive and self-destructive behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Impulsive and self-destructive behaviors. This is a common symptom of borderline personality disorder as individuals often engage in reckless behaviors without considering the consequences. They may have self-harming tendencies and engage in impulsive actions like substance abuse or risky sexual behavior.
A: Obsessive-compulsive behaviors are more characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder, not borderline personality disorder.
B: Fear of social situations is more indicative of social anxiety disorder, not borderline personality disorder.
C: Grandiose sense of self-importance is a symptom of narcissistic personality disorder, not borderline personality disorder.
In summary, impulsive and self-destructive behaviors are key features of borderline personality disorder, distinguishing it from other mental health conditions.
When a patient is diagnosed with major depressive disorder, which nursing diagnosis should be the priority?
- A. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements
- B. Risk for suicide
- C. Disturbed sleep pattern
- D. Ineffective coping
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk for suicide. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because individuals with major depressive disorder have an increased risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors. Assessing and addressing this risk is crucial for patient safety. Choice A is not the priority as nutritional imbalances may not pose immediate harm compared to suicide risk. Choice C, disturbed sleep pattern, and choice D, ineffective coping, are important but not as critical as addressing the risk of suicide in a patient with major depressive disorder.
A patient with major depressive disorder is started on fluoxetine. What is a common side effect the nurse should monitor for?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Nausea
- D. Dry mouth
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nausea. Fluoxetine, an SSRI antidepressant, commonly causes gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea. This is due to its effect on serotonin levels in the gut. Weight gain (A) and increased appetite (B) are less common side effects of fluoxetine. Dry mouth (D) is more commonly associated with tricyclic antidepressants, not SSRIs. Monitoring for nausea is crucial to ensure patient compliance and well-being.
Which medication is commonly used to treat both major depressive disorder and neuropathic pain?
- A. Gabapentin
- B. Duloxetine
- C. Amitriptyline
- D. Tramadol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Duloxetine. Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat both major depressive disorder and neuropathic pain by increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain. Gabapentin (A) is primarily used for neuropathic pain, Amitriptyline (C) is a tricyclic antidepressant used for depression and neuropathic pain, and Tramadol (D) is an opioid analgesic used for pain management but not typically for major depressive disorder.