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A patient with bipolar disorder is experiencing a depressive episode. Which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Encouraging the patient to participate in physical activities.
- B. Providing a stimulating environment to keep the patient engaged.
- C. Allowing the patient to isolate until they feel better.
- D. Encouraging the patient to express their feelings and concerns.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because encouraging the patient to express their feelings and concerns is crucial in addressing depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. This intervention can help the patient process their emotions, improve self-awareness, and facilitate therapeutic communication. It also promotes a supportive environment for the patient to receive appropriate care.
Incorrect choices:
A: While physical activities can be beneficial, they may not address the underlying emotional issues during a depressive episode.
B: Providing a stimulating environment might overwhelm the patient and worsen their symptoms.
C: Allowing the patient to isolate may exacerbate feelings of loneliness and hopelessness, and hinder recovery.
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A patient with schizophrenia is prescribed risperidone. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the medication?
- A. I should take this medication at the same time every day.
- B. I can stop taking this medication once I feel better.
- C. I should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
- D. I should take this medication on an as-needed basis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Consistency in medication timing helps maintain a steady blood level for effectiveness.
2. Following a regular schedule improves adherence and reduces the risk of missing doses.
3. Ensures optimal therapeutic effects and minimizes potential side effects.
4. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as stopping abruptly, mixing with alcohol, or taking as needed can lead to relapse, reduced efficacy, or increased risk of side effects.
Which symptom is most characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
- A. Fear of social situations
- B. Excessive worrying about various aspects of life
- C. Hallucinations
- D. Impulsive behaviors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because excessive worrying about various aspects of life is a core symptom of GAD. This persistent and uncontrollable worry is disproportionate to the actual events or situations. Fear of social situations (A) is common in social anxiety disorder, not GAD. Hallucinations (C) are not typically associated with GAD. Impulsive behaviors (D) are more indicative of conditions like ADHD or impulse control disorders.
A patient is receiving education about dietary restrictions while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which food should the patient avoid?
- A. Aged cheese
- B. Fresh vegetables
- C. Grilled chicken
- D. Fruit juices
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aged cheese. MAOIs interact with tyramine in certain foods like aged cheese, leading to dangerous hypertensive crisis. Aged cheese contains high levels of tyramine, which can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure when combined with MAOIs. Fresh vegetables (B), grilled chicken (C), and fruit juices (D) do not have high levels of tyramine and can be safely consumed with MAOIs. It is crucial for patients taking MAOIs to avoid foods rich in tyramine to prevent adverse reactions.
A patient with schizophrenia is being educated about the significance of medication adherence. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding?
- A. I will take my medication only when I feel symptoms returning.
- B. I understand that taking my medication regularly is important to manage my symptoms.
- C. I can stop taking my medication once I feel better.
- D. I should take my medication on an as-needed basis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates an understanding that medication adherence is vital for managing schizophrenia symptoms. Taking medication regularly helps maintain stability and prevent symptom recurrence. Choice A indicates inconsistent medication use, C suggests premature discontinuation, and D implies erratic dosing. Overall, choice B aligns with evidence-based treatment guidelines for schizophrenia.
When assessing a patient with major depressive disorder, which of the following is a common cognitive symptom?
- A. Hallucinations
- B. Delusions
- C. Lack of appetite
- D. Negative self-talk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Negative self-talk. In major depressive disorder, negative self-talk is a common cognitive symptom known as cognitive distortions. This includes thoughts of worthlessness, guilt, or self-criticism. This symptom is a key aspect of the cognitive triad in depression. Hallucinations and delusions are more indicative of psychotic disorders, while lack of appetite is a physical symptom commonly seen in depression but not a cognitive symptom. In summary, negative self-talk is the correct answer as it directly relates to the cognitive distortions commonly seen in major depressive disorder.