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A patient with diabetes is experiencing a hypoglycemic episode. Which of the following is the nurse's first priority in this situation?
- A. Administering insulin.
- B. Providing a source of fast-acting carbohydrate.
- C. Checking the patient's blood glucose level.
- D. Contacting the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing a source of fast-acting carbohydrate. In a hypoglycemic episode, the priority is to raise the blood sugar quickly to prevent further complications. Fast-acting carbohydrates such as glucose tablets or orange juice can rapidly increase blood sugar levels. Administering insulin (choice A) can further lower blood sugar, checking blood glucose levels (choice C) may delay treatment, and contacting the healthcare provider (choice D) is not necessary in the immediate management of hypoglycemia.
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A First Nations family requires dental care. The nurse needs to determine which of the following in order to facilitate the best possible care for this family?
- A. Do they have coverage under the Indian Act of 1876?
- B. Do they live on a reservation or in town?
- C. Do they have noninsured health benefits?
- D. Do they have their provincial health cards?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Do they have noninsured health benefits? This is because noninsured health benefits provide coverage for essential health services not covered by other plans for First Nations and Inuit people in Canada. It ensures access to necessary dental care for the family.
Incorrect choices:
A: Coverage under the Indian Act of 1876 is not directly related to accessing dental care; it pertains to legal and historical rights.
B: Living on a reservation or in town may not necessarily impact access to dental care, as healthcare services can vary.
D: Having provincial health cards is important for general healthcare, but specific benefits for First Nations may not be covered.
A 32-year-old female patient complains that she has noticed several small, slightly raised, bright-red dots on her chest. On examination, the nurse thinks that the spots are probably:
- A. Anasarca.
- B. Scleroderma.
- C. Senile angiomas.
- D. Latent myeloma.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Senile angiomas. Senile angiomas are common benign growths of small blood vessels that appear as bright-red dots on the skin, commonly seen in older individuals. In this case, the patient is 32 years old, which is relatively young for an appearance of senile angiomas, but still within the possible age range. Anasarca (A) is generalized edema, not related to the described skin condition. Scleroderma (B) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by skin thickening and not associated with bright-red dots. Latent myeloma (D) is a type of bone marrow cancer and not related to the skin findings described.
Which of the following statements illustrates the biomedical model of Western traditional views?
- A. Health is viewed as the absence of disease.
- B. Optimal health is viewed as high-level wellness.
- C. Health and disease are considered parts of a cyclical process.
- D. The treatment of disease is nursing's primary focus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the biomedical model focuses on defining health as the absence of disease. This model emphasizes biological factors in understanding and treating illnesses. It is reductionist in nature, viewing health issues as purely physical and separate from social or psychological aspects. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the biomedical model. B emphasizes overall well-being, not just the absence of disease. C suggests a more holistic approach, while D implies a focus on nursing rather than the medical model's emphasis on disease treatment.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient who had a stroke. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will take my medications as prescribed.
- B. I will follow up with my doctor regularly.
- C. I can resume driving after a few weeks of rest.
- D. I will report any sudden changes in my vision or speech.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. After a stroke, patients need to be evaluated by a healthcare professional before resuming driving. This is crucial to ensure the safety of the patient and others on the road. Choice A shows medication compliance, B demonstrates follow-up care, and D emphasizes monitoring symptoms, all of which are essential post-stroke. However, choice C indicates a lack of understanding about the importance of medical clearance before driving, hence the need for further education.
While auscultating for heart sounds, the nurse hears an unfamiliar sound. What should the nurse do next?
- A. Document the findings on the patient's record.
- B. Wait 10 minutes, and auscultate the heart again.
- C. Ask another nurse to double-check the finding.
- D. Ask the patient to take deep breaths and check for changes in their physical condition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because documenting the findings is essential for accurate patient care and communication among healthcare professionals. By documenting the unfamiliar sound heard during auscultation, the nurse ensures that the information is recorded for future reference and potential follow-up assessments or interventions. Waiting 10 minutes (B) may not address the immediate need for documentation. Asking another nurse to double-check (C) may be helpful but does not address the importance of documenting the finding. Asking the patient to take deep breaths (D) is not the appropriate next step when an unfamiliar heart sound is detected; documentation is crucial before further assessment or intervention.